Tšireletso e sebelisoang lihlahisoa tsa terata le tsa cable e na le likhopolo tse peli tse fapaneng ka ho feletseng: tšireletso ea motlakase le tšireletso ea masimo a motlakase. Ts'ireletso ea motlakase e etselitsoe ho thibela likhoele tse fetisang mats'oao a maqhubu a phahameng (joalo ka likhoele tsa RF le likhoele tsa elektroniki) hore li se ke tsa baka tšitiso e kantle kapa ho thibela maqhubu a kantle a motlakase ho kena-kenana le likhoele tse fetisang maqhubu a fokolang (joalo ka mehala ea matšoao kapa methapo), hammoho le ho fokotsa mehala lipakeng tsa mehala. Tšireletso ea tšimo ea motlakase e etselitsoe ho leka-lekanya sebaka se matla sa motlakase holim'a sekontiri kapa holim'a metsi a marang-rang a matla a mahareng le a phahameng a matla.
1. Sebopeho le Litlhoko tsa Motlakase oa Tšireletso ea Tšimo ea Motlakase
Ho sireletsa lithapo tsa motlakase ho kenyeletsa conductor shielding, insulation shielding, le metallic shielding. Ho ea ka litekanyetso tse amehang, lithapo tse nang le motlakase o lekantsoeng o moholo ho feta 0.6/1kV li lokela ho ba le lera le sireletsang tšepe, le ka sebelisoang mokokotlong o mong le o mong oa insulated kapa mokokotlong oa li-multi-core stranded cable. Bakeng sa likhoele tsa XLPE-insulated tse nang le motlakase o lekantsoeng o seng ka tlase ho 3.6/6kV le likhoele tse tšesaane tsa EPR tse nang le motlakase o lekantsoeng o seng ka tlase ho 3.6/6kV (kapa lithapo tse teteaneng tse nang le motlakase o sa feteng 6/10kV), meaho e sireletsang ea kahare le kantle le eona ea hlokahala.
(1) Tšireletso ea Conductor le Insulation Shielding
Tšireletso ea conductor (tšireletso ea ka hare ea semi-conductive) e lokela ho ba e se nang tšepe, e nang le thepa e fetisitsoeng ea semi-conductive kapa theipi ea semi-conductive e phuthetsoeng ho pota-potile mokhanni e lateloa ke lesela le fetisitsoeng la semi-conductive.
Ho sireletsa ka ntle (ka ntle ho semi-conductive shielding) ke lesela le sa sebetseng la tšepe le fetiselitsoeng ka kotloloho bokaholimong ba karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea insulation, e ka tlamahanngoang ka thata kapa ea peelable ho tloha ho insulation. Likarolo tse pharalletseng tse ka hare le kantle tsa semi-conductive li lokela ho tlamahanngoa ka thata ho sepakapaka, ka lihokelo tse boreleli, ho se na matšoao a hlakileng a likhoele, 'me ho se na mats'oafo a nchocho, likaroloana, mats'oao, kapa mengoallo. The resistivity pele le ka mor'a botsofali ha ea lokela ho feta 1000 Ω·m bakeng sa lera le sireletsang conductor le 500 Ω·m bakeng sa lera le sireletsang le sireletsang.
Thepa e ka hare le e ka ntle ea semi-conductive e sireletsang e entsoe ka ho kopanya lisebelisoa tse tsamaisanang tsa ho koala (tse kang polyethylene e kopantsoeng ka sefapano, rabara ea ethylene-propylene, joalo-joalo) le carbon black, antioxidants, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, le lisebelisoa tse ling. Likaroloana tse ntšo tsa k'habone li lokela ho qhalakanngoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang ka har'a polymer, ntle le agglomeration kapa ho hasana hampe.
Botenya ba likarolo tse ka hare le tsa ka ntle tsa semi-conductive shielding bo eketseha ka boemo ba motlakase. Hobane matla a tšimo ea motlakase holim'a lera la ho kenya letsoho a phahame ka hare le ka tlaase ka ntle, botenya ba likarolo tsa tšireletso tsa semi-conductive le bona bo lokela ho ba bo boholo ka hare ho feta ka ntle. Nakong e fetileng, tšireletso ea ka ntle ea semi-conductive e ne e etsoa e teteaneng ho feta e ka hare ho thibela mengoallo ka lebaka la taolo e fokolang ea ho senya kapa ho phunyeha ho bakoang ke litheipi tsa koporo tse thata ho feta tekano. Joale, ka tlhahlobo ea "automatic sag monitoring" le litheipi tse bonolo tsa koporo tse kentsoeng, 'mala o ka hare oa semi-conductive o lokela ho etsoa o motenya hanyane kapa o lekane le lera le kantle. Bakeng sa lithapo tsa 6–10–35 kV, botenya ba lera le ka hare hangata ke 0.5–0.6–0.8 mm.
(2) Metallic Shielding
Lithapo tse nang le matla a matla a ho feta 0.6/1kV li lokela ho ba le lera le sireletsang tšepe. Lera le sireletsang tšepe le lokela ho sebelisoa mokokotlong o mong le o mong oa insulated kapa cable core. Tšireletso ea tšepe e lokela ho ba le litheipi tsa tšepe tse le 'ngoe kapa ho feta, lithapo tsa tšepe, likarolo tse bohareng tsa lithapo tsa tšepe, kapa motsoako oa lithapo tsa tšepe le lithapo tsa tšepe.
Europe le linaheng tse ling tse tsoetseng pele, ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea litsamaiso tse peli tsa potoloho tse hanyetsanang tse nang le maqhubu a phahameng a nako e khuts'oane, ts'ireletso ea terata ea koporo hangata e sebelisoa. Baetsi ba bang ba kenya lithapo tsa koporo ka har'a sheath ea karohano kapa sheath e kantle ho fokotsa bophara ba cable. Chaena, ntle le merero e meng ea bohlokoa e sebelisang litsamaiso tse haneloang habeli, litsamaiso tse ngata li sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tsa arc-suppression coil-based single-circuit powers, tse fokotsang nako e khuts'oane ho fihlela bonyane, kahoo ts'ireletso ea koporo e ka sebelisoa. Lifeme tsa lithapo li rekoa litheipi tse thata tsa koporo ka ho petsola le ho phunya ho fihlela bolelele bo itseng le matla a thata (ka thata haholo ho tla hoa lera le sireletsang, le bonolo haholo le tla sosobana) pele le sebelisoa. Litheipi tsa koporo tse bonolo li lokela ho lumellana le GB/T11091-2005 Copper Tape for Cables.
Tšireletso ea koporo e lokela ho ba le karolo e le 'ngoe ea tepi e bonolo ea koporo e koahetsoeng kapa likarolo tse peli tsa tepi e bonolo e phuthetsoeng ka likheo. Karolelano ea sekhahla sa tepi ea koporo e lokela ho ba 15% ea bophara ba eona (boleng ba lebitso), 'me tekanyo e fokolang ea ho kopana ha ea lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 5%. Botenya ba lebitso la tepi ea koporo e lokela ho ba bonyane 0.12 mm bakeng sa likhoele tse nang le konokono e le 'ngoe le bonyane 0.10 mm bakeng sa likhoele tse ngata-ngata. Botenya bo fokolang ba tepi ea koporo ha boa lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 90% ea boleng ba lebitso. Ho itšetlehile ka bophara ba ka ntle ba tšireletso ea tšireletso (≤25 mm kapa> 25 mm), bophara ba tepi ea koporo hangata ke 30-35 mm.
Tšireletso ea terata ea koporo e entsoe ka lithapo tse bonolo tsa koporo, tse sirelelitsoeng ka lithapo tsa lithapo tsa koporo kapa litheipi tsa koporo. Ho hanyetsa ha eona ho lokela ho finyella litlhoko tsa GB / T3956-2008 Conductors of Cables, 'me sebaka sa eona se nang le likarolo tse fapaneng se lokela ho khethoa ho latela matla a hona joale a phoso. Tšireletso ea terata ea koporo e ka sebelisoa ka holim'a sheath e ka hare ea likhoele tsa mantlha tse tharo kapa ka kotloloho holim'a sekontiri, lesela le sireletsang ka ntle la semi-conductive, kapa lesela le kahare le loketseng la likhoele tsa mantlha. Karolelano ea lekhalo pakeng tsa mehala ea koporo e haufi ha ea lokela ho feta 4 mm. Karolelano ea lekhalo G e baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
moo:
D - bophara ba mokokotlo oa cable tlas'a tšireletso ea terata ea koporo, ka limilimithara;
d - bophara ba terata ea koporo, ka limilimithara;
n – palo ea lithapo tsa koporo.
2. Karolo ea Tšireletso ea Li-Layers le Kamano ea Tsona le Maemo a Voltage
(1) Karolo ea Tšireletso ea ka hare le ea Kantle ea Semi-Conductive
Li-conductors tsa lithapo hangata li hokahanngoa ho tsoa lithapong tse ngata tse kholehileng. Nakong ea li-insulation extrusion, likheo, li-burrs le lintho tse ling tse sa tsitsang holim'a metsi li ka 'na tsa e-ba teng pakeng tsa sebaka sa conductor le lera la ho kenya letsoho, e leng se bakang khatello ea sebaka sa motlakase, se lebisang ho phallo ea moea oa sebakeng seo le ho tsoa ha lifate, le ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea dielectric. Ka ho ntša lera la semi-conductive material (conductor shielding) holim'a sebaka sa conductor, e tiisa ho kopana ka thata le ho pata. Hobane semi-conductive layer le conductor li na le bokhoni bo ts'oanang, le haeba ho e-na le likheo pakeng tsa bona, ho ke ke ha e-ba le ts'ebetso ea tšimo ea motlakase, kahoo ho thibela ho tsoa ha karolo e itseng.
Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ho na le likheo lipakeng tsa bokaholimo ba ho kenella ka ntle le tšepe ea tšepe (kapa tšireletso ea tšepe), 'me ha boemo ba motlakase bo phahame, ho ka etsahala hore ho be le lekhalo la moea. Ka ho ntša lera la semi-conductive (ho sireletsa tšireletso) holim'a metsi a ka ntle, sebaka se ka ntle sa equipotential se thehoa ka sekoahelo sa tšepe, ho felisa masimo a motlakase ka har'a likheo le ho thibela ho tsoa ha karolo e itseng.
(2) Karolo ea Tšireletso ea Metallic
Mesebetsi ea ts'ireletso ea tšepe e kenyelletsa: ho jara capacitive current tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng, ho sebetsa e le tsela ea nako e khutšoanyane nakong ea liphoso; ho koala sebaka sa motlakase ka har'a sekontiri (ho fokotsa ho kena-kenana le motlakase oa ka ntle) le ho netefatsa hore ho na le sebaka se tšoanang sa motlakase oa mahlaseli; ho sebetsa e le mohala o sa jeleng paate tsamaisong ea terata e mene ea mekhahlelo e meraro ho tsamaisa hona joale ho sa leka-lekanang; le ho fana ka tšireletso ea radial e thibelang metsi.
Nako ea poso: Jul-28-2025