Faeba ya Aramid, e kgutsufaditsweng bakeng sa faeba ya polyamide e nkhang hamonate, e thathamisitswe hara difaeba tse nne tse sebetsang hantle tse etelletsweng pele bakeng sa ntshetsopele Chaena, hammoho le faeba ya carbon, faeba ya polyethylene e boima ba dimolekhule (UHMWPE), le faeba ya basalt. Jwalo ka nylon e tlwaelehileng, faeba ya aramid ke ya lelapa la difaeba tsa polyamide, tse nang le dibopeho tsa amide ketaneng e kgolo ya dimolekhule. Phapang ya bohlokwa e ho tlamahaneng: dibopeho tsa amide tsa nylon di hokahane le dihlopha tsa aliphatic, athe tsa aramid di kopantswe le masale a benzene. Sebopeho sena se ikgethang sa dimolekhule se fa faeba ya aramid matla a phahameng haholo a axial (>20cN/dtex) le modulus (>500GPa), e leng se etsang hore e be thepa e kgethwang bakeng sa ho matlafatsa dikhoele tsa maemo a hodimo.
Mefuta ea Aramid Fiber
Faeba ea AramidHaholo-holo e kenyelletsa likhoele tsa polyamide tse nkhang hamonate ka botlalo le likhoele tsa polyamide tse nkhang hamonate tse nang le heterocyclic, tse ka aroloang ka ho eketsehileng ka ortho-aramid, para-aramid (PPTA), le meta-aramid (PMTA). Har'a tsena, meta-aramid le para-aramid ke tsona tse seng li entsoe indasteri. Ho ea ka pono ea sebopeho sa limolek'hule, phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa tsena tse peli e boemong ba athomo ea carbon ka har'a lesale la benzene leo tlamo ea amide e khomaretsoeng ho lona. Phapang ena ea sebopeho e lebisa liphapang tse kholo litšobotsing tsa mechini le botsitso ba mocheso.
Para-Aramid
Para-aramid, kapa poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), eo hape e tsejoang Chaena e le Aramid 1414, ke polymer e phahameng e otlolohileng e nang le maqhama a eona a amide a fetang 85% a amanang ka ho toba le masale a monko o monate. Lihlahisoa tsa para-aramid tse atlehileng ka ho fetisisa khoebong ke DuPont's Kevlar® le Teijin's Twaron®, tse laolang 'maraka oa lefats'e. E ne e le faeba ea pele e kileng ea hlahisoa ho sebelisoa tharollo ea polymer e kristale ea metsi, e tlisang mehla e mecha ea likhoele tsa maiketsetso tse sebetsang hantle. Mabapi le thepa ea mechini, matla a eona a ho thaepa a ka fihla ho 3.0–3.6 GPa, elastic modulus 70–170 GPa, le ho lelefala ha khefu ea 2–4%. Litšobotsi tsena tse ikhethang li e fa melemo e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka ho matlafatsong ea cable ea optical, tšireletso ea ballistic, le masimo a mang.
Meta-Aramid
Meta-aramid, kapa poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMTA), eo hape e tsejoang Chaena e le Aramid 1313, ke faeba e ka sehloohong e hanelang mocheso o phahameng. Sebopeho sa eona sa limolek'hule se entsoe ka lihlopha tsa amide tse hokahanyang masale a meta-phenylene, tse etsang ketane e otlolohileng ea zigzag e tsitsitseng ka litlamo tse matla tsa hydrogen tsa limolek'hule marang-rang a 3D. Sebopeho sena se fa faeba ena nako e ntle ea ho lieha ha lelakabe, botsitso ba mocheso le ho hanyetsa mahlaseli. Sehlahisoa se tloaelehileng ke Nomex® ea DuPont, e nang le Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) ea 28–32, mocheso oa phetoho ea khalase oa hoo e ka bang 275°C, le mocheso o tsoelang pele oa tšebeletso o fetang 200°C, e leng se etsang hore e sebelisoe haholo ka likhoele tse hanelang mollo le thepa ea ho thibela mocheso o phahameng.
Matlotlo a Ikhethang a Aramid Fiber
Faeba ya Aramid e fana ka matla a phahameng haholo, modulus e phahameng, ho hanyetsa mocheso, ho hanyetsa asiti le alkali, boima bo tlase, ho thibela ho ruruha, ho hanyetsa botsofali, potoloho e telele ya bophelo, botsitso ba dikhemikhale, ho se be le marotholi a qhibilihisitsweng nakong ya ho tuka, le mesi e seng ya khase e kotsi. Ho ya ka pono ya tshebediso ya thapo, para-aramid e feta meta-aramid kganyeng ya mocheso, ka mocheso o tswelang pele wa tshebeletso ho tloha ho -196 ho isa ho 204°C mme ha ho na ho bola kapa ho qhibiliha ho 500°C. Dithoto tse hlahelletseng haholo tsa Para-aramid di kenyeletsa matla a phahameng haholo, modulus e phahameng, ho hanyetsa mocheso, ho hanyetsa dikhemikhale le botenya bo tlase. Matla a yona a feta 25 g/dtex—makgetlo a 5 ho isa ho a 6 a tshepe ya boleng bo hodimo, makgetlo a 3 a fiberglass, le makgetlo a mabedi a khoele ya indasteri ya nylon e matla haholo. Modulus ya yona e feta tshepe kapa fiberglass ka makgetlo a 2-3 le nylon e matla ka makgetlo a 10. E tiile habeli ho feta terata ea tšepe 'me e boima ba hoo e ka bang 1/5 feela, e leng se etsang hore e lokele haholo ho sebelisoa joaloka matlafatso likhoeleng tsa optical, likhoele tsa submarine, le mefuta e meng ea likhoele tsa maemo a holimo.
Matlotlo a Mekaniki a Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid ke polymer e tenyetsehang e nang le matla a ho robeha a fetang polyester e tloaelehileng, k'hothone, kapa nylon. E na le sekhahla se phahameng sa ho lelefala, ho ikutloa ha letsoho le bonolo, ho potoloha hantle, 'me e ka hlahisoa ka likhoele tse khutšoane kapa likhoele tsa denier tse fapaneng. E ka otloa ho ba masela le li-nonlook ho sebelisoa mechini e tloaelehileng ea masela le ho sebetsoa ho fihlela litlhoko tsa liaparo tse sireletsang tsa liindasteri tse fapaneng. Ho kenya mocheso oa motlakase, thepa ea meta-aramid e thibelang mollo le e thibelang mocheso e hlahella. Ka LOI e fetang 28, e ke ke ea tsoela pele ho cha ka mor'a ho tsoa lelakabeng. Ho hanyetsa ha eona malakabeng ho bohlokoa sebopehong sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale, e leng se etsang hore e se ke ea lakatseha mollo ka ho sa feleng—e hanelang tahlehelo ea ts'ebetso ka lebaka la ho hlatsuoa kapa tšebeliso ea nako e telele. Meta-aramid e na le botsitso bo botle ba mocheso, ka tšebeliso e tsoelang pele ho 205°C le ho boloka matla a matla esita le mochesong o kaholimo ho 205°C. Mocheso oa eona oa ho bola o phahame, 'me ha e qhibilihe kapa ea rotha mochesong o phahameng, e qala feela ho fetoha carbon ka holimo ho 370°C. Matlotlo ana a etsa hore e be ntle bakeng sa ho kenya mocheso le ho matlafatsa ka likhoele tse mocheso o phahameng kapa tse sa cheng.
Ho Tsitsisa ha Lik'hemik'hale tsa Faeba ea Aramid
Meta-aramid e na le khanyetso e ntle haholo ho lik'hemik'hale tse ngata le li-inorganic acid tse kopaneng, leha e le bonolo ho li-sulfuric le nitric acid tse kopaneng. E boetse e na le khanyetso e ntle ea alkali mochesong oa kamore.
Ho Hanela Mahlaseli a Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid e na le khanyetso e ikhethang ea mahlaseli. Mohlala, tlas'a ho pepesehela khanya ea ultraviolet ea 1.2×10⁻² W/cm² nako e telele le mahlaseli a gamma a 1.72×10⁸ rad, matla a eona a lula a sa fetohe. Khanyetso ena e ikhethang ea mahlaseli e etsa hore e tšoanelehe haholo bakeng sa likhoele tse sebelisoang liteisheneng tsa matla a nyutlelie le sefofa-sebakeng.
Ho Tšoarella ha Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid e boetse e bonts'a ho hohlana ho hoholo le ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale. Kamora ho hlatsuoa ka makhetlo a 100, lesela le entsoeng ka meta-aramid e hlahisoang lapeng le boloka matla a eona a pele a ho taboha a fetang 85%. Ts'ebelisong ea cable, ho tšoarella hona ho netefatsa botsitso ba nako e telele ba mechini le motlakase.
Litšebeliso tsa Aramid Fiber
Faeba ea Aramid e sebelisoa haholo indastering ea lifofane, ea likoloi, ea motlakase, ea kaho le ea lipapali ea Chaena ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e ntle ea mechini, khanyetso ea mocheso o phahameng, le botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale. E nkoa e le thepa ea bohlokoa bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea nakong e tlang ea liindasteri tse sebetsang hantle. Haholo-holo, aramid e bapala karolo e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka masimong a likhoele tsa optical tsa puisano, likhoele tsa motlakase, likhoele tse hanelang mocheso o phahameng, likhoele tsa metsing le likhoele tse khethehileng.
Mabala a Lifofane le a Sesole
Faeba ea Aramid e na le boima bo tlase, matla a phahameng, le ho hanyetsa mafome hantle. E sebelisoa haholo likarolong tsa sebopeho sa likoloi tsa lifofane, joalo ka li-casing tsa rocket motor le meaho ea radome ea broadband. Lisebelisoa tsa eona tse kopaneng li bontša khanyetso e ntle ea tšusumetso le ponaletso ea maqhubu a motlakase, e fokotsa boima ba lifofane haholo le ho ntlafatsa polokeho. Lefapheng la tšireletso, aramid e sebelisoa lijeseng tse thibelang likulo, lihelmete le lijana tse sa phatloheng, e leng se etsang hore e be thepa e etellang pele molokong o latelang oa tšireletso ea sesole e bobebe.
Masimo a Kaho le a Lipalangoang
Indastering ea kaho, faeba ea aramid e sebelisoa bakeng sa ho matlafatsa meaho le litsamaiso tsa lithapo tsa borokho ka lebaka la bobebe ba eona, ho tenyetseha le ho hanyetsa mafome. E sebetsa haholo-holo ho matlafatseng meaho e sa tloaelehang. Lipalangoang, aramid e sebelisoa masela a thapo ea mabili bakeng sa likoloi le lifofane. Lithaere tse matlafalitsoeng ke aramid li fana ka matla a phahameng, ho hanyetsa ho phunyeha, ho hanyetsa mocheso le bophelo bo bolelele ba tšebeletso, li fihlela litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso tsa likoloi tsa sejoale-joale tse lebelo le phahameng le lifofane.
Indasteri ea Motlakase, ea Elektroniki le ea Likheibole
Faeba ea Aramid e na le lits'ebetso tse hlahelletseng haholo makaleng a tlhahiso ea motlakase, ea elektroniki, le ea terata le ea cable, haholo-holo libakeng tse latelang:
Litho tsa ho Tenyetseha Likhoeleng tsa Optical: Ka matla a ho tenyetseha a phahameng le modulus, faeba ea aramid e sebetsa e le setho sa ho tenyetseha likhoeleng tsa optical tsa puisano, e sireletsa likhoele tse bonolo tsa optical ho tloha ho feto-fetoha ha khatello le ho netefatsa phetiso e tsitsitseng ea lets'oao.
Matlafatso ka Likhoele: Likhoeleng tse khethehileng, likhoeleng tsa metsing a ka tlas'a lefatše, likhoele tsa motlakase, le likhoele tse hanelang mocheso o phahameng, aramid e sebelisoa hangata e le karolo ea matlafatso e bohareng kapa lera la tšireletso. Ha e bapisoa le matlafatso a tšepe, aramid e fana ka matla a phahameng ka boima bo tlase, e ntlafatsa haholo matla a ho thaepa a khoele le botsitso ba mechini.
Ho Sireletsa le ho Sireletsa Lelakabe: Metswako ya Aramid e na le botsitso bo botle ba dielectric le mocheso. E sebediswa haholo mealong ya ho thibela dikheibole, dijakete tse thibelang lelakabe, le di-sheathing tse se nang mosi o tlase tse se nang halogen. Pampiri ya Aramid, kamora ho tlatswa ka varnish e thibelang lelakabe, e kopanngwa le mica ya tlhaho bakeng sa tshebediso dienjining le di-transformer tse thibelang mocheso o phahameng.
Likheibole tse Hanelang Mollo le tsa Seporo: Ho hanyetsa malakabe a Aramid le mamello ea mocheso ho etsa hore e be ntle bakeng sa tšebeliso ea likheibole tsa sekepe, likheibole tsa seporo, le likheibole tse hanelang mollo tsa boleng ba nyutlelie, moo maemo a polokeho a leng thata.
EMC le Bobebe: Ponahalo e ntle ea motlakase ea Aramid le botsitso bo tlase ba dielectric li etsa hore e tšoanelehe bakeng sa likarolo tsa tšireletso ea EMI, li-radome tsa radar, le likarolo tsa kopanyo ea optoelectronic, e thusang ho ntlafatsa ho lumellana ha motlakase le ho fokotsa boima ba sistimi.
Lisebelisoa tse ling
Ka lebaka la dikahare tsa yona tse ngata tse monko o monate, faeba ya aramid e fana ka botsitso bo ikgethang ba dikhemikhale le ho hanyetsa mafome, e leng se etsang hore e lokele diropo tsa lewatle, dithapo tsa ho tjheka oli, le dithapo tsa optical tse fetang hodima dibaka tse thata. E boetse e sebediswa haholo disebedisweng tsa dipapadi tsa maemo a hodimo, didiriswa tsa tshireletso, le di-brake pad tsa dikoloi, mme e ntse e amohelwa ka ho eketsehileng e le mokhoa o mong o sireletsang tikoloho ho ena le asbestos ditshebedisong tsa ho kwala le ho kwala, diphanele tsa ho kwala mocheso, le dikarolo tse ding tsa ho kwala, ho netefatsa tshebetso le polokeho ya tikoloho.
Nako ea poso: Phupu-31-2025