Khetho ea cable ke mohato oa bohlokoa moralong le ho kenya motlakase. Khetho e fosahetseng e ka lebisa likotsing tsa polokeho (joalo ka mocheso o feteletseng kapa mollo), ho theoha ho feteletseng ha motlakase, ho senyeha ha lisebelisoa, kapa ho sebetsa hantle ha sistimi. Ka tlase ke lintlha tsa mantlha tse lokelang ho nahanoa ha u khetha cable:
1. Mekhahlelo ea Motlakase ea Motlakase
(1)Conductor Cross-Sectional Area:
Bokhoni ba hona joale ba ho Jara: Ena ke paramente ea bohlokoahali. Cable e tlameha ho khona ho jara boholo bo tsoelang pele bo sebetsang hona joale ba potoloho ntle le ho feta mocheso oa eona o amohelehang oa ho sebetsa. Sheba litafole tsa ampacity ka litekanyetso tse amehang (joalo ka IEC 60287, NEC, GB/T 16895.15).
Voltage Drop: Ho phalla hona joale ka thapo ho baka ho theoha ha motlakase. Bolelele bo feteletseng kapa karolo e sa lekaneng ea sefapano e ka lebisa ho matla a tlase qetellong ea mojaro, e amang ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa (haholo-holo ho qala koloi). Bala kakaretso ea ho theoha ha motlakase ho tloha mohloling oa matla ho ea mojaro, ho etsa bonnete ba hore e ka har'a sebaka se amohelehang (ka tloaelo ≤3% bakeng sa mabone, ≤5% bakeng sa matla).
Potoloho e Khutšoane e Mamelle Bokhoni: Mohala o tlameha ho mamella boholo ba nako e khutšoanyane ea potoloho e ka khonehang tsamaisong ntle le tšenyo ea mocheso pele sesebelisoa se sireletsang se sebetsa (chekolo ea botsitso ba mocheso). Libaka tse kholo tse nang le likarolo tse fapaneng li na le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho mamella.
(2)Rated Voltage:
Matla a matla a motlakase a thapo (mohlala, 0.6/1kV, 8.7/15kV) ha a lokela ho ba ka tlase ho matla a motlakase a lebitso (mohlala, 380V, 10kV) le matla afe kapa afe a phahameng a ho sebetsa. Nahana ka ho feto-fetoha ha motlakase oa sistimi le maemo a overvoltage.
(3) Boitsebiso ba Mokhanni:
Koporo: High conductivity (~ 58 MS/m), matla a hona joale a ho jara, matla a matle a mochine, ho hanyetsa ha kutu, ho bonolo ho sebetsana le manonyeletso, litšenyehelo tse phahameng. Tse sebelisoang hangata.
Aluminium: Conductivity e tlaase (~ 35 MS / m), e hloka karolo e kholoanyane ea li-cross-section ho finyella ampacity e tšoanang, boima bo bobebe, theko e tlaase, empa matla a tlaase a mochine, a atisang ho ba le oxidation, a hloka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng le motsoako oa antioxidant bakeng sa manonyeletso. Hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa mela e meholo ea likarolo tse fapaneng kapa lits'ebetso tse ikhethileng.
2. Tikoloho ea Tlhophiso le Maemo
(1)Mokhoa oa ho Kenya:
Moeeng: Literei tsa lithapo, litepisi, likotopo, likotopo, bokaholimo bo kentsoeng maboteng, joalo-joalo. Maemo a fapaneng a ho qhala mocheso a ama ho ata ha mocheso (ho hlokahala hore ho behoe lits'ebetso tse teteaneng).
Ka tlas'a lefatše: Ho patoa ka ho toba kapa ho kenngoa. Nahana ka ho hanyetsa mocheso oa mobu, botebo ba lepato, ho ba haufi le mehloli e meng ea mocheso (mohlala, liphaephe tsa mouoane). Mongobo oa mobu le ho senya ho ama khetho ea sheath.
Ka tlas'a metsi: E hloka meaho e khethehileng e sa keneleng metsi (mohlala, sheath ea lead, lera le kopaneng le thibelang metsi) le ts'ireletso ea mochini.
Tlhophiso e Khethehileng: Li-run tse otlolohileng (nahana ka boima ba 'mele), li-cable trenches / lithanele, joalo-joalo.
(2) Boemo ba Mocheso:
Mocheso oa tikoloho o ama ka ho toba mocheso oa mocheso oa cable. Litafole tse tloaelehileng tsa ampacity li ipapisitse le mocheso oa litšupiso (mohlala, 30°C moeeng, 20°C mobung). Haeba mocheso oa 'nete o feta referense, ampacity e tlameha ho lokisoa (derated). Ela hloko ka ho khetheha libakeng tse nang le mocheso o phahameng (mohlala, likamore tsa boiler, maemo a leholimo a tropike).
(3)Haufi le Lithapo Tse Ling:
Ho kenya li-cable tse teteaneng ho baka ho futhumatsa le ho phahama ha mocheso. Lithapo tse ngata tse kentsoeng ka ho bapa (haholo-holo tse se nang sebaka kapa ka har'a kotopo e le 'ngoe) li tlameha ho fokotsoa ho latela palo, tlhophiso (e amang / e sa amang).
(4) Khatello ea Mechini:
Tensile Load: Bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse otlolohileng kapa libaka tse telele tse hulang, nahana ka boima ba cable le ho hula tsitsipano; khetha likhoele tse nang le matla a lekaneng (mohlala, terata ea tšepe e nang le lihlomo).
Khatello / Tšusumetso: Lithapo tse patiloeng ka kotloloho li tlameha ho mamella boima ba sephethephethe le likotsi tsa ho cheka; likhoele tse kentsoeng ka tereing li ka hatelloa. Lihlomo (teipi ea tšepe, terata ea tšepe) e fana ka tšireletso e matla ea mochine.
Beng Radius: Nakong ea ho kenya le ho phethoha, radius ea ho kobeha ha cable ha ea lokela ho ba nyane ho feta bonyane bo lumelletsoeng, ho qoba ho senya le sheath.
(5)Likotsi tsa Tikoloho:
Ho bola ha lik'hemik'hale, limela tsa metsi a litšila, libaka tsa moholi oa letsoai lebōpong la leoatle li hloka likhetla tse sa jeng (mohlala, PVC, LSZH, PE) le / kapa likarolo tse ka ntle. Ho ka hlokahala lihlomo tseo e seng tsa tšepe (mohlala, fiber ea khalase).
Tšilafalo ea Oli: Litsi tsa polokelo ea oli, lithupelo tsa machining li hloka likhetla tse hananang le oli (mohlala, PVC e khethehileng, CPE, CSP).
Tlhekefetso ea UV: Lithapo tse pepesitsoeng ka ntle li hloka likhetla tse thibelang UV (mohlala, PE e ntšo, PVC e khethehileng).
Li-rodents/Termites: Libaka tse ling li hloka likhoele tse thibelang litoeba/mohloa (likhatla tse nang le lintho tse lelekang, lijase tse thata, lihlomo tsa tšepe).
Mongobo/Ka tlas'a metsi: Litikoloho tse mongobo kapa tse ka tlas'a metsi li hloka meaho e metle ea mongobo / e thibelang metsi (mohlala, ho thibela metsi ka radial, sheath ea tšepe).
Seqhomane: Se tlameha ho kopana le litlhokahalo tse thibelang ho phatloha ha sebaka se kotsi (mohlala, tse thibelang malakabe, LSZH, likhoele tse kentsoeng ka liminerale).
3. Sebopeho sa Cable & Khetho ea Lintho
(1)Lisebelisoa tsa Insulation:
Polyethylene e kopantsoeng le Cross-linked (XLPE): Ts'ebetso e ntle haholo ea mocheso o phahameng (90 ° C), ampacity e phahameng, thepa e ntle ea dielectric, khanyetso ea lik'hemik'hale, matla a matle a mochine. E sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa likhoele tsa motlakase tse mahareng/ tse tlase. Khetho ea pele.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Theko e tlase, ts'ebetso e butsoitseng, ts'ebetso e ntle ea lelakabe, mocheso o tlase oa ts'ebetso (70°C), e brittle mocheso o tlase, e ntša likhase tse chefo tsa halogen le mosi o teteaneng ha o chesa. E ntse e sebelisoa haholo empa e ntse e thibeloa.
Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR): Ho feto-fetoha ha maemo hantle, boemo ba leholimo, ozone, khanyetso ea lik'hemik'hale, mocheso o phahameng oa ts'ebetso (90 ° C), o sebelisetsoang lisebelisoa tsa thepa, likepe tsa metsing, tsa merafo. Litsenyehelo tse phahameng.
Tse ling: Rabara ea silicone (> 180 ° C), mineral insulated (MI - koporo ea koporo e nang le magnesium oxide insulation, tshebetso e ntle ea mollo) bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse khethehileng.
(2) Lisebelisoa tsa Sheath:
PVC: Tšireletso e ntle ea mochine, e thibelang malakabe, theko e tlaase, e sebelisoang haholo. E na le halogen, mosi o chefo ha o chesa.
PE: Mongobo o motle haholo le khanyetso ea lik'hemik'hale, e tloaelehileng bakeng sa likhetla tsa ka ntle tsa cable tse patiloeng ka kotloloho. Ho se sebetse hantle ha lelakabe.
Mosi o Tlaase Zero Halogen (LSZH / LS0H / LSF): Mosi o tlaase, o se nang chefo (ha ho na likhase tsa halogen acid), phetisetso ea khanya e phahameng nakong ea ho chesa. E tlamang libakeng tsa sechaba (litsela tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše, mabenkele, lipetlele, meaho e phahameng).
Polyolefin e thibelang malakabe: E kopana le litlhoko tse itseng tse thibelang lelakabe.
Khetho e lokela ho nahanela khanyetso ea tikoloho (oli, boemo ba leholimo, UV) le litlhoko tsa ts'ireletso ea mochini.
(3)Mara a Tšireletso:
Conductor Shield: E hlokeha bakeng sa likhoele tse mahareng/ tse phahameng (> 3.6/6kV), e lekana le sebaka sa motlakase sa khondara holim'a metsi.
Insulation Shield: E hlokahala bakeng sa likhoele tsa motlakase tse mahareng/ tse phahameng, e sebetsa ka thebe ea conductor bakeng sa taolo e felletseng ea tšimo.
Metallic Shield/Armor: E fana ka EMC (e thibelang ho kena-kenana / e fokotsa mesi) le/kapa tsela e khutšoane ea potoloho (e tlameha ho etsoa fatše) le ts'ireletso ea mochini. Mefuta e tloaelehileng: tepi ea koporo, terata ea koporo (ho sireletsa + tsela e khutšoanyane ea potoloho), lihlomo tsa tšepe tsa tepi (ts'ireletso ea mechine), lihlomo tsa tšepe tsa tšepe (ts'ireletso ea mochine +), sheath ea aluminium (ho sireletsa + ho thibela metsi a radial + tšireletso ea mechine).
(4) Mefuta ea Lihlomo:
Steel Wire Armored (SWA): Ts'ireletso e ntle ka ho fetesisa le e akaretsang, bakeng sa litlhoko tse tobileng tsa lepato kapa ts'ireletso ea mochini.
Galvanized Wire Armored (GWA): Matla a phahameng a matla, bakeng sa ho matha ho ea holimo, li-spans tse kholo, lisebelisoa tse ka tlas'a metsi.
Lihlomo tseo e seng tsa tšepe: Theipi ea fiber ea khalase, e fana ka matla a mochini ha e se ea makenete, e bobebe, e hana ho bola, bakeng sa litlhoko tse ikhethang.
4. Litlhoko tsa Tšireletso le Taolo
(1)Tlhakollo ea Lelakabe:
Khetha lithapo tse kopanang le litekanyetso tse thibelang lelakabe (mohlala, IEC 60332-1/3 bakeng sa ho lieha ha lelakabe le le leng / le kopantsoeng, BS 6387 CWZ bakeng sa ho hanyetsa mollo, GB/T 19666) ho ipapisitse le likotsi tsa mollo le litlhoko tsa phalliso. Libaka tsa sechaba le tseo ho leng thata ho baleha ho tsona li tlameha ho sebelisa likhoele tsa LSZH tse thibelang malakabe.
(2)Ho hanyetsa Mollo:
Bakeng sa lipotoloho tse mahlonoko tse lokelang ho lula li le matla nakong ea mollo (lipompo tsa mollo, li-fan fan, mabone a tšohanyetso, lialamo), sebelisa lithapo tse thibelang mollo (mohlala, lithapo tsa MI, li-mica-taped organic insulated structures) tse lekiloeng ho latela maemo (mohlala, BS 6387, IEC 60331, GB/T 19216).
(3)Mosi oa Halogen le o Tlase:
E tlamang libakeng tse nang le litlhoko tse phahameng tsa tšireletso le lisebelisoa (libaka tsa lipalangoang, litsi tsa data, lipetlele, meaho e meholo ea sechaba).
(4)Ho lumellana le Maemo le Setifikeiti:
Lithapo li tlameha ho latela maemo a tlamang le litifikeiti sebakeng sa projeke (mohlala, CCC naheng ea China, CE ho EU, BS ea UK, UL naheng ea US).
5. Economics & Life Cycle Cost
Litšenyehelo tsa Pele tsa Matsete: Theko ea thapo le lisebelisoa (manonyeletso, ho emisoa).
Litšenyehelo tsa ho Kena: Li fapana ho ea ka boholo ba cable, boima ba 'mele, ho feto-fetoha ha maemo, le boiketlo ba ho kenya.
Litšenyehelo tsa Tahlehelo ea Ts'ebetso: Ho hanyetsa li-conductor ho baka tahlehelo ea I²R. Li-conductors tse kholo li bitsa chelete e ngata qalong empa li fokotsa tahlehelo ea nako e telele.
Litšenyehelo tsa Tlhokomelo: Lithapo tse tšepahalang, tse tšoarellang li na le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhokomelo.
Bophelo ba Tšebeletso: Lithapo tsa boleng bo holimo libakeng tse nepahetseng li ka tšoarella lilemo tse 30+. Hlahlobisisa ka botlalo ho qoba ho khetha likhoele tsa boleng bo tlase kapa tsa boleng bo tlase ho latela litšenyehelo tsa pele feela.
6. Lintlha Tse Ling
Tatelano ea Mokhahlelo le Ho Tšoaea: Bakeng sa lithapo tse nang le lithapo tse ngata-ngata kapa lisebelisoa tse arohaneng le mekhahlelo, etsa bonnete ba tatellano e nepahetseng ea karolo le likhoutu tsa mebala (ho latela maemo a lehae).
Earthing & Equipotential Bonding: Lithebe tsa tšepe le lihlomo li tlameha ho etsoa ka mokhoa o ts'epahalang (hangata lipheletsong ka bobeli) bakeng sa ts'ireletso le ts'ebetso ea ts'ireletso.
Reserve Margin: Nahana ka kholo e ka bang teng nakong e tlang ea mojaro kapa liphetoho tsa tsela, eketsa likarolo tse fapaneng kapa u boloke li-circuits tse ling ha ho hlokahala.
Tšebelisano: Lisebelisoa tsa thapo (lilugs, manonyeletso, ho emisoa) li tlameha ho tsamaisana le mofuta oa cable, voltage le boholo ba conductor.
Tlhokahalo ea Bafani le Boleng: Khetha bahlahisi ba tsebahalang ba nang le boleng bo tsitsitseng.
Bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nepahetseng le ho ts'epahala, ho khetha thapo e nepahetseng ho tsamaisana le ho khetha thepa ea boleng bo holimo. HO ONE WORLD, re fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tse tala tsa terata le lithapo - ho kenyeletsoa metsoako ea li-insulation, lisebelisoa tsa sheathing, litheipi, li-filler le likhoele - tse etselitsoeng ho kopana le litlhaloso le litekanyetso tse fapaneng, tse ts'ehetsang moralo le ts'ebetso ea cable e bolokehileng le e sebetsang.
Nako ea poso: Aug-15-2025