Ka phetoho ea sebopeho sa matla a lefats'e le tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea thekenoloji, lithapo tse ncha tsa matla butle-butle li fetoha lisebelisoa tsa mantlha lefapheng la phetisetso le kabo ea matla. Lithapo tse ncha tsa matla, joalo ka ha lebitso le bolela, ke mofuta oa likhoele tse khethehileng tse sebelisetsoang ho hokahanya masimo a kang ho fehla matla a macha, polokelo ea matla le likoloi tse ncha tsa matla. Lithapo tsena ha li na ts'ebetso ea mantlha ea motlakase ea lithapo tsa setso, empa hape li tlameha ho sebetsana le mathata a mangata lits'ebetsong tse ncha tsa matla, ho kenyeletsoa maemo a leholimo a feteletseng, tikoloho e rarahaneng ea motlakase le ho sisinyeha ha mochini o matla haholo. Sengoliloeng sena se tla hlahloba bokamoso ba likhoele tse ncha tsa matla le litebello tsa tsona tse pharaletseng tsa ts'ebeliso.
Ts'ebetso e ikhethang le mathata a likhoele tse ncha tsa matla
Moralo le khetho ea thepa ea likhoele tse ncha tsa matla li ikhetha ho fihlela litlhoko tsa masimo a fapaneng. Lefapheng la ho hlahisa matla a letsatsi, lithapo tsa "photovoltaic array" li sebelisetsoa ho hokahanya likarolo tsa phanele ea photovoltaic. Lithapo tsena li pepesetsoa ka ntle selemo ho pota, kahoo ke habohlokoa ho hanela mahlaseli a ultraviolet le botsofali ba lintho tse bonahalang. Hangata likhoele tsa photovoltaic li sebelisa boemo ba leholimo bo matla haholoXLPElisebelisoa tsa ho kenya letsoho le likhetla tsa ka ntle tsa polyolefin tse thibelang ho taboha ho netefatsa ts'ebetso ea tsona e tsitsitseng ea nako e telele. Lithapo tsa khokahano ea inverter li hloka ho hanyetsa mollo hantle, kahoo likhoele tsa PVC tse thibelang malakabe ke khetho ea pele.
Litlhoko tsa likhoele sebakeng sa phepelo ea matla a moea li thata ka ho lekana. Lithapo tse ka hare ho jenereithara li hloka ho khona ho ikamahanya le tšitiso e rarahaneng ea motlakase. Tharollo e tloaelehileng ke ho sebelisa mehala ea koporo e lohiloeng bakeng sa ho sireletsa ho fokotsa tšitiso ea motlakase. Ho feta moo, likhoele tsa tora, lithapo tsa taolo, joalo-joalo lits'ebetsong tsa phepelo ea matla a moea le tsona li hloka ho ba le ts'epo e phahameng le ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo ho sebetsana le maemo a tlhaho a rarahaneng le a fetohang.
Sebaka sa likoloi tse ncha tsa matla se na le litlhoko tse phahameng bakeng sa boleng le ts'ebetso ea lithapo. Lithapo tsa motlakase tse nang le matla a phahameng li na le boikarabello ba ho hokahanya lipakete tsa betri, li-motor le lisebelisoa tsa ho tjhaja. Ba sebelisa li-conductor tsa koporo tse hloekileng tse nang le lisebelisoa tsa ho kenya XLPE ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea matla. E le ho thibela ho kena-kenana le motlakase, moralo oa cable o kopanya lera le sireletsang le kopantsoeng la foil ea aluminium le terata ea koporo. Lithapo tsa ho tjhaja tsa AC le DC li tšehetsa litlhoko le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho tjhaja, e totobatsang matla a hona joale a ho jara le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho kenya letsoho ho netefatsa polokeho le ts'ebetso ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla.
Mekhoa ea polokelo ea matla e boetse e itšetlehile ka tšehetso ea cable. Lithapo tsa khokahanyo ea betri li tlameha ho khona ho mamella liphetoho tse potlakileng khatellong ea hona joale le ea mocheso, kahoo ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse kang XLPE kapa rabara e khethehileng. Lithapo tse kopanyang mokhoa oa ho boloka matla ho marang-rang li tlameha ho finyella litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa motlakase 'me li be le maemo a matle a tikoloho ho netefatsa tšireletso ea phetisetso ea matla.
Tlhokahalo ea 'maraka le kholo ea likhoele tse ncha tsa matla
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele le ho tsebahala ha theknoloji e ncha ea matla, liindasteri tse kang matla a moea, matla a letsatsi, le likoloi tse ncha tsa motlakase li kentse khōlo e matla, 'me tlhokahalo ea likhoele tse ncha tsa matla le eona e eketsehile haholo. Lintlha li bonts'a hore boholo ba merero e mecha ea matla e tla qala ka 2024 e tla fihla boemong bo bocha, ka kakaretso ea selemo le selemo ea ho qala li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 28, ho kenyeletsoa li-kilowatt tse limilione tse 7.13 tsa merero ea ho fehla matla a motlakase, li-kilowatt tse limilione tse 1.91 tsa merero ea polokelo ea matla, li-kilowatts tse limilione tse 13.55 tsa merero e mecha ea matla a moea le li-kilowatt tse limilione tse 1.
E le sehokelo sa bohlokoa ho ketane ea indasteri ea photovoltaic, lithapo tsa photovoltaic li na le tebello e pharaletseng ea nts'etsopele. China, United States le Europe ke libaka tse tharo tse nang le matla a macha a kentsoeng a photovoltaic, a etsang 43%, 28% le 18% ea kakaretso ea lefats'e ka ho latellana. Lithapo tsa photovoltaic li sebelisoa haholo-holo lipotolohong tsa DC ka lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa motheo tsa lisebelisoa tsa phepelo ea motlakase. Maemo a matla a bona hangata ke 0.6/1kV kapa 0.4/0.6kV, 'me a mang a phahame ho feta 35kV. Ka ho fihla ha nako ea ho lekana, indasteri ea photovoltaic e haufi le ho kena sethaleng sa khōlo e phatlohang. Lilemong tse latelang tsa 5-8, photovoltaics e tla fetoha e 'ngoe ea mehloli e meholo ea motlakase lefatšeng.
Tsoelopele e potlakileng ea indasteri ea polokelo ea matla le eona e ke ke ea arohanngoa le tšehetso ea likhoele tse ncha tsa matla. Tlhokahalo ea likhoele tsa DC tse nang le matla a phahameng, tse sebelisoang haholo ho hokahanya lisebelisoa tsa ho tjhaja le ho lahla le lisebelisoa tsa taolo ea liteishene tsa matla a polokelo ea matla, le likhoele tsa AC tse mahareng le tse tlase, tse sebelisetsoang ho hokela li-transformer, likhabinete tsa kabo, le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase o tlase joalo ka mabone le taolo ea liteishene tsa matla a polokelo ea matla, le tsona li tla eketseha haholo. Ka ts'ehetso ea sepheo sa "khabone e 'meli" le tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji ea betri ea lithium, indasteri ea polokelo ea matla e tla tlisa sebaka se pharaletseng sa nts'etsopele, 'me likhoele tse ncha tsa matla li tla phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho eona.
Mekhoa e mecha ea theknoloji le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho ea lithapo tse ncha tsa matla
Ntlafatso ea likhoele tse ncha tsa matla ha e hloke feela ts'ebetso e phahameng le ts'epo, empa hape le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le litlhoko tse tlase tsa khabone. Lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele le tlhahiso ea lithapo le lithapo tse khethehileng tsa ts'ebetso, tse sireletsang tikoloho, mocheso o phahameng le lithapo li fetohile mokhoa oa bohlokoa indastering. Ka mohlala, nts'etsopele ea lihlahisoa tsa cable tse loketseng maemo a mocheso o phahameng li ka netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea lisebelisoa tse kang matla a moea le ho hlahisa matla a letsatsi libakeng tse feteletseng. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka kaho ea li-grids tse bohlale le phihlello ea mehloli ea matla e ajoang, likhoele le likhoele li boetse li hloka ho ba le bohlale bo phahameng le ho ts'epahala.
Baetsi ba li-cable ba tsetela ka mafolofolo lipatlisisong le nts'etsopele 'me ba hlahisitse letoto la lihlahisoa tse khethehileng tsa cable ho fihlela litlhoko tse phahameng tsa lithapo sebakeng se secha sa matla. Lihlahisoa tsena li kenyelletsa lithapo tsa tšehetso tsa mojule oa photovoltaic tse loketseng marulelo a bataletseng, lithapo tse etellang pele tsa selefouno tsa letsatsi bakeng sa ho kenya ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng, likhoele bakeng sa li-pulleys tsa terata ea tsitsipano bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa ho latela, le likhoele tsa ho tjhaja liqubu tse nang le khanyetso e ntle ea mocheso o phahameng.
Nts'etsopele ea botala e fetohile tumellano ea lefats'e, 'me motlakase, joalo ka indasteri ea motheo ea moruo oa naha, ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang o tla ntlafala ka lehlakoreng la tala le khabone e tlase. Lithapo le lithapo tse thibelang malakabe, tse se nang halogen, mosi o fokolang, le lithapo le lithapo tse sa chesehang tikolohong li ntse li batloa haholo ke 'maraka. Baetsi ba li-cable ba fokotsa tlhahiso ea khabone ea lihlahisoa ka ho ntlafatsa lisebelisoa le lits'ebetso, le ho nts'etsapele lihlahisoa tse khethehileng tsa cable tse nang le boleng bo holimo ho fihlela litlhoko tsa maemo a ikhethileng.
Maikutlo a Bokamoso
Lithapo tse ncha tsa matla, ka ts'ebetso ea tsona e ikhethang, li fana ka tšehetso e matla bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea indasteri e ncha ea matla. Ka kholo e ntseng e eketseha ea mahlale a macha a matla le keketseho e tsoelang pele ea tlhoko ea 'maraka, tlhoko ea likhoele tse ncha tsa matla e tla tsoela pele ho phahama. Sena ha se khothaletse feela ntlafatso ea theknoloji indastering ea lithapo, empa hape se khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea mafapha a amanang joalo ka mahlale a lintho tse bonahalang, mekhoa ea tlhahiso, le mahlale a liteko.
Nakong e tlang, ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea theknoloji, ts'ebetso ea lithapo tse ncha tsa matla li tla tsoela pele ho ntlafala, ho rala motheo oa ts'ebeliso e pharaletseng ea motlakase o motala lefatšeng ka bophara. Lithapo tsa matla a macha tsa boleng bo holimo li tla kena butle-butle bophelong ba rona, li thuse phetoho ea sebopeho sa matla a lefats'e, 'me li kenye letsoho ho nts'etsopele ea moshoelella. Indasteri ea li-cable e tla boela e etse lipatlisiso tse tebileng le ho itloaetsa ho nts'etsopele ea botala, le ho matlafatsa tlholisano le phaello ea likhoebo ka ho theha mehlala ea ts'ebetso e bohlale le ea dijithale, e khothaletse nts'etsopele e hokahaneng ea likhoebo tse holimo le tse tlase khoebong ea indasteri, 'me qetellong e fihlelle sepheo sa nts'etsopele ea boleng bo holimo.
E le karolo ea bohlokoa ea tsela ea nako e tlang ea motlakase, likhoele tse ncha tsa matla li na le menyetla e mengata ea ts'ebeliso le menyetla e meholo ea nts'etsopele. Ka phetoho ea sebopeho sa matla a lefats'e le tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea thekenoloji, likhoele tse ncha tsa matla li tla phetha karolo ea bohlokoa haholo phetohong ea matla a lefats'e.
Nako ea poso: Dec-06-2024