Boenjiniereng ba motlakase le ho kenya lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, ho khetha mofuta o fosahetseng oa "thapo e nang le motlakase o phahameng" kapa "thapo e nang le motlakase o tlase" ho ka lebisa ho hloleheng ha lisebelisoa, ho tima ha motlakase, le ho emisoa ha tlhahiso, kapa esita le likotsi tsa polokeho maemong a tebileng. Leha ho le joalo, batho ba bangata ba na le kutloisiso e tebileng feela ea liphapang tsa sebopeho lipakeng tsa tse peli 'me hangata ba khetha ho latela boiphihlelo kapa lintho tse "bolokang litšenyehelo", tse lebisang liphosong tse pheta-phetoang. Ho khetha thapo e fosahetseng ho ka 'na ha se ke ha baka mathata a lisebelisoa feela empa hape ho ka baka likotsi tse ka bang teng tsa polokeho. Kajeno, ha re buisaneng ka liphapang tsa mantlha lipakeng tsa tsona le "litšitiso" tse 3 tse kholo tseo u lokelang ho li qoba nakong ea khetho.
1. Tlhahlobo ea Sebopeho: Likhoele tsa Motlakase o Phahameng khahlanong le oa Motlakase o Tlase
Batho ba bangata ba nahana hore, "Likhoele tsa motlakase o phahameng ke likhoele tse teteaneng tsa motlakase o tlase," empa ha e le hantle, meralo ea tsona ea sebopeho e na le liphapang tsa motheo, 'me lera le leng le le leng le ikamahanya hantle le boemo ba motlakase. Ho utloisisa liphapang, qala ka litlhaloso tsa "voltage e phahameng" le "voltage e tlase":
Likhoele tsa motlakase o tlase: Voltage e lekantsoeng ≤ 1 kV (hangata 0.6/1 kV), e sebelisoang haholo-holo bakeng sa kabo ea meaho le phepelo ea motlakase ea lisebelisoa tse nyane;
Likhoele tsa motlakase o phahameng: Motlakase o lekantsoeng ≥ 1 kV (hangata 6 kV, 10 kV, 35 kV, 110 kV), o sebelisetsoang phetiso ea motlakase, liteishene tse nyane le lisebelisoa tse kholo tsa indasteri.
(1) Mokhanni: Hase “Botenya” empa “Bohloeki ke ba Bohlokoa”
Hangata di-conductor tsa thapo tse nang le motlakase o tlase di etswa ka dithapo tse ntle tsa koporo tse nang le dithapo tse ngata (mohlala, dithapo tse 19 ka hara dithapo tsa BV), haholoholo ho fihlela ditlhoko tsa "bokgoni ba ho jara motlakase";
Li-conductor tsa cable tse nang le motlakase o phahameng, leha li boetse li le koporo kapa aluminium, li na le bohloeki bo phahameng (≥99.95%) 'me li sebelisa mokhoa oa "ho qhaqha ka chitja e chitja" (ho fokotsa likheo) ho fokotsa khanyetso ea bokaholimo ba conductor le ho fokotsa "phello ea letlalo" tlas'a motlakase o phahameng (khase e tsepamisa maikutlo holim'a bokaholimo ba conductor, e leng se bakang ho futhumatsa).
(2) Lera la ho Sireletsa: Karolo ea Bohlokoa ea "Tšireletso ea Mekhahlelo e Mengata" ea Likhoele tsa Motlakase o Phahameng
Mealo ea ho thibela likhoele tsa motlakase o tlase e batla e le tšesaane (mohlala, botenya ba ho thibela likhoele tsa 0.6/1 kV ~3.4 mm), boholo ba tsona e le PVC kapaXLPE, haholo-holo e sebeletsang ho “arola mokhanni ho tsoa kantle”;
Mealo ea ho thibela likhoele tsa motlakase o phahameng e tenya haholo (thapo ea 6 kV ~ 10 mm, 110 kV ho fihlela ho 20 mm) 'me e tlameha ho feta litekong tse thata tse kang "motlakase o mamellang maqhubu a motlakase" le "motlakase o mamellang khatello ea lehalima." Habohlokoa le ho feta, likhoele tsa motlakase o phahameng li eketsa litheipi tse thibelang metsi le mealo e tsamaisang metsi ka har'a insulation:
Theipi e thibelang metsi: E thibela ho kena ha metsi (mongobo o ka tlas'a motlakase o phahameng o ka baka "ho tiea ha metsi," ho lebisang ho senyehang ha ho thibela metsi ho kena);
Lera le tsamaisang motlakase ka semiconductor: E netefatsa kabo e lekanang ea tšimo ea motlakase (e thibela ho bokellana ha tšimo ea lehae, e ka bakang ho ntšoa ha motlakase).
Lintlha: Lera la ho thibela mocheso le etsa 40%-50% ea litšenyehelo tsa cable ea motlakase o phahameng (ke 15%-20% feela bakeng sa voltage e tlase), e leng lebaka le ka sehloohong leo ka lona li-cable tsa motlakase o phahameng li turang haholo.
(3) Sekoahelo sa Tšireletso le Tšepe: "Sehlomo Khahlanong le Tšitiso" bakeng sa Likhoele tse nang le Motlakase o Phahameng
Lithapo tsa motlakase o tlase hangata ha li na lera la tšireletso (ntle le lithapo tsa matshwao), 'me lijakete tsa kantle boholo ba tsona ke PVC kapa polyethylene;
Likhoele tsa motlakase o phahameng (haholo-holo ≥6 kV) li tlameha ho ba le tšireletso ea tšepe (mohlala,teipi ea koporo, koporo e lohiloeng) le likhetla tsa tšepe (mohlala, khetla ea loto, khetla ea aluminium e kobehileng):
Tšireletso ea tšepe: E thibela tšimo ea motlakase o phahameng ka har'a lera la ho thibela mocheso, e fokotsa tšitiso ea motlakase (EMI), 'me e fana ka tsela ea hona joale ea phoso;
Sekoahelo sa tšepe: Se eketsa matla a mechini (ho hanyetsa ho tsitlella le ho sithabela) 'me se sebetsa e le "thebe ea ho thella fatše," se fokotsa matla a ho thibela mocheso.
(4) Jakete ea Kantle: E Matlafetse Haholo Bakeng sa Likhoele tsa Motlakase o Phahameng
Lijakete tsa cable tse nang le motlakase o tlase li sireletsa haholo khahlanong le ho tsofala le ho bola;
Lijakete tsa cable tse nang le motlakase o phahameng li tlameha ho hanela oli, serame, ozone, jj. (mohlala, PVC + li-additives tse hanelang boemo ba leholimo). Litšebeliso tse khethehileng (mohlala, lithapo tsa likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi) li ka boela tsa hloka tšireletso ea terata ea tšepe (ho hanela khatello ea metsi le khatello ea ho tsitlella).
2. “Likotsi” tse 3 tsa Bohlokoa tseo U Lokelang ho li Qoba Ha U Khetha Likhoele
Kamora ho utloisisa dipharologanyo tsa sebopeho, o tlameha hape ho qoba "maraba ana a patehileng" nakong ya kgetho; ho seng jwalo, ditjeo di ka eketseha, kapa diketsahalo tsa polokeho di ka etsahala.
(1) Ho Lelekisa ka Bofofu “Sehlopha se Phahameng” kapa “Theko e Theko e Tlase”
Khopolo e fosahetseng: Ba bang ba nahana hore "ho sebelisa likhoele tsa motlakase o phahameng ho e-na le tsa motlakase o tlase ho bolokehile," kapa ba sebelisa likhoele tsa motlakase o tlase ho boloka chelete.
Kotsi: Likhoele tsa motlakase o phahameng li bitsa chelete e ngata haholo; khetho e sa hlokahaleng ea motlakase o phahameng e eketsa tekanyetso. Ho sebelisa likhoele tsa motlakase o tlase maemong a motlakase o phahameng ho ka senya insulation hang-hang, ha baka lipotoloho tse khutšoane, mollo, kapa ho beha basebetsi kotsing.
Mokhoa o Nepahetseng: Kgetha ho latela maemo a sebele a motlakase le ditlhoko tsa motlakase, mohlala, motlakase wa lapeng (220V/380V) o sebedisa dikheibole tse nang le motlakase o tlase, dienjene tse nang le motlakase o phahameng tsa indasteri (10 kV) di lokela ho tsamaisana le dikheibole tse nang le motlakase o phahameng — le ka mohla o se ke wa “theola maemo” kapa wa “ntlafatsa” ka bofofu.
(2) Ho hlokomoloha "Tšenyo e Patiloeng" ho Tikoloho
Khopolo e fosahetseng: Nahana feela ka motlakase, hlokomoloha tikoloho, mohlala, ho sebelisa likhoele tse tloaelehileng maemong a mongobo, a mocheso o phahameng, kapa a senyang lik'hemik'hale.
Kotsi: Lithapo tse nang le motlakase o phahameng libakeng tse mongobo tse nang le lithebe kapa lijakete tse senyehileng li ka 'na tsa ba le mongobo o sireletsang mocheso o tsofalang; lithapo tse nang le motlakase o tlase libakeng tse nang le mocheso o phahameng (mohlala, likamoreng tsa boiler) li ka nolofala 'me tsa hloleha.
Mokhoa o Nepahetseng: Hlakisa maemo a ho kenya — dithapo tse sireleditsweng bakeng sa ho kenya tse patilweng, dithapo tse sireleditsweng tse sa keneleng metsi bakeng sa ka tlasa metsi, thepa e nang le tekanyo e phahameng ya mocheso (XLPE ≥90℃) bakeng sa dibaka tse chesang, dijakete tse sa senyeheng dimela tsa dikhemikhale.
(3) Ho Hlokomoloha ho Kopanya "Bokgoni ba Hona Jwale le Mokhoa wa ho Beha"
Khopolo-taba e fosahetseng: Tsepamisa maikutlo feela boemong ba motlakase, hlokomoloha bokgoni ba hona joale ba cable (motlakase o dumelletsweng ka ho fetisisa) kapa o hatelle/o kobehe haholo nakong ya ho beha.
Kotsi: Bokhoni bo sa lekaneng ba hona joale bo baka ho chesa haholo 'me bo potlakisa ho tsofala ha insulation; radius e sa kobehang ea likhoele tse nang le motlakase o phahameng (mohlala, ho hula ka thata, ho kobeha ho feteletseng) e ka senya tšireletso le insulation, e leng se bakang likotsi tsa ho senyeha.
Mokhoa o Nepahetseng: Khetha litlhaloso tsa thapo ho latela motlakase oa hona joale o baliloeng (nahana ka motlakase oa hona joale o qalang, mocheso o potolohileng); latela ka hloko litlhoko tsa radius tse kobehang nakong ea ho kenya (radius e kobehang ea thapo ea motlakase o phahameng hangata e ka ba bophara ba kantle ba ≥15× conductor), qoba ho hatelloa le ho pepesehela letsatsi.
3. Hopola "Melao ea Khauta" e 3 ea ho Qoba Likotsi tsa Khetho
(1) Hlahloba Sebopeho Khahlanong le Motlakase:
Ho thibela thapo ya motlakase o phahameng le dikarolo tse sireletsang ke tsa bohlokwa; thapo ya motlakase o tlase ha e hloke moralo o feteletseng.
(2) Bapisa Mephato ka Nepo:
Motlakase, matla le tikoloho li lokela ho tsamaellana; u se ke ua ntlafatsa kapa ua theola boemo ka bofofu.
(3) Netefatsa Lintlha Khahlanong le Maemo:
Bokgoni ba ho jara motlakase, radius e kobehang, le boemo ba tshireletso di lokela ho latela maemo a naha — o se ke wa itshetleha feela ka boiphihlelo.
Nako ea poso: Phato-29-2025