Ka boenjiniere ba matla le ho kenya lisebelisoa tsa indasteri, ho khetha mofuta o fosahetseng oa "thapo ea "high-voltage" kapa "low-voltage cable" ho ka lebisa ho hloleha ha thepa, ho tima motlakase le ho emisa tlhahiso, kapa esita le likotsi tsa polokeho maemong a boima. Leha ho le joalo, batho ba bangata ba na le kutloisiso e ka holimo feela ea liphapang tsa sebopeho lipakeng tsa tse peli, 'me hangata ba khetha ho latela boiphihlelo kapa ho boloka litšenyehelo, e lebisang liphosong tse pheta-phetoang.
1. Tlhahlobo ea Mehaho: Lik'habole tse phahameng tsa Voltage vs Low Voltage
Batho ba bangata ba nahana, "Lithapo tsa motlakase o phahameng ke lithapo tse tenya tse tlase," empa ha e le hantle, meralo ea bona ea sebopeho e na le liphapang tsa mantlha, 'me karolo e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e ikamahanya hantle le boemo ba motlakase. Ho utloisisa liphapang, qala ka litlhaloso tsa "high-voltage" le "low-voltage":
Lithapo tse nang le matla a tlaase: Li-voltage tse lekantsoeng ≤ 1 kV (hangata 0.6 / 1 kV), tse sebelisoang haholo-holo bakeng sa kabo ea mohaho le lisebelisoa tse nyenyane tsa motlakase;
Lithapo tse nang le matla a phahameng: Matla a lekantsoeng ≥ 1 kV (hangata ke 6 kV, 10 kV, 35 kV, 110 kV), e sebelisetsoang ho fetisa matla, li-substations, le lisebelisoa tse kholo tsa indasteri.
(1) Mokhanni: Hase “Motenya” empa “Litaba Tsa Bohloeki”
Li-cable conductors tse nang le matla a tlaase hangata li entsoe ka lithapo tse ngata tse ntle tsa koporo (mohlala, likhoele tse 19 tsa lithapo tsa BV), haholo-holo ho fihlela litlhoko tsa "ho jara matla a hona joale";
Li-cable conductor tse nang le matla a phahameng a matla, leha e le koporo kapa aluminium, li na le bohloeki bo phahameng (≥99.95%) 'me li sebelisa mokhoa oa "compact round stranding" (ho fokotsa li-voids) ho theola khanyetso holim'a li-conductor le ho fokotsa "phello ea letlalo" ka tlas'a motlakase o phahameng (hona joale o tsepamisitse maikutlo holim'a motlakase, o bakang mocheso).
(2) Insulation Layer: The Core of High-Voltge Cables' “Multi-Layer Layer”
Likarolo tsa li-cable tse nang le matla a tlase li batla li le tšesaane (mohlala, botenya ba thapo ea 0.6/1 kV ~ 3.4 mm), haholo PVC kapaXLPE, haholo-holo e sebeletsang “ho arola mokhanni ho tsoa ka ntle”;
Li-cable tse nang le matla a phahameng a motlakase li tenya haholo (thapo ea 6 kV ~ 10 mm, 110 kV ho fihla ho 20 mm) 'me e tlameha ho feta liteko tse matla tse kang "maqhubu a motlakase a mamellang voltage" le "tšusumetso ea lehalima e mamella voltage." Habohlokoa le ho feta, likhoele tse nang le matla a phahameng li eketsa litheipi tse thibelang metsi le likarolo tsa semi-conductive ka har'a insulation:
Theipi e thibelang metsi: E thibela ho kena ha metsi (mongobo o tlas'a matla a phahameng a motlakase o ka baka "sefate sa metsi," se lebisang ho senyeha ha mohatsela);
Semi-conductive layer: E netefatsa kabo ea tšimo e ts'oanang ea motlakase (e thibela khatello ea sebaka sa lehae, e ka bakang ho tsoa).
Lintlha: Lera la ho kenya letsoho le nka 40% -50% ea litšenyehelo tsa lithapo tsa motlakase tse phahameng (feela 15% -20% bakeng sa motlakase o tlase), e leng lebaka le ka sehloohong le etsang hore likhoele tse matla haholo li theko e phahameng.
(3) Shielding and Metallic Sheath: The “Lihlomo Khahlanong le Tšitiso” Bakeng sa Lithapo Tse Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa
Lithapo tse nang le matla a tlase hangata ha li na lera le sireletsang (ntle le likhoele tsa matšoao), tse nang le libaki tsa kantle hangata tsa PVC kapa polyethylene;
Lithapo tse nang le matla a phahameng (haholo-holo ≥6 kV) li tlameha ho ba le tšireletso ea tšepe (mohlala,tepi ea koporo, braid ea koporo) le likhetla tsa tšepe (mohlala, sheath ea loto, sheath ea aluminium e entsoeng ka masenke):
Metallic shielding: E thibela tšimo e nang le matla a phahameng ka har'a sekhahla sa insulation, e fokotsa ho kena-kenana le motlakase (EMI), 'me e fana ka tsela ea hona joale ea phoso;
Metallic sheath: E matlafatsa matla a mochini (ho tsitsisa le ho senya ho hanyetsa) 'me e sebetsa e le "thebe ea motheo," e fokotsang matla a tšimo.
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Li-cable tse nang le matla a tlaase haholo-holo li sireletsa khahlanong le ho senyeha le ho senya;
Lijakete tsa cable tse nang le matla a phahameng li tlameha ho kenyelletsa oli, serame, ozone, joalo-joalo (mohlala, PVC + li-additives tse hanyetsanang le boemo ba leholimo). Lisebelisoa tse khethehileng (mohlala, lithapo tsa likepe tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a metsi) le tsona li ka hloka lisebelisoa tsa tšepe (ho hanela khatello ea metsi le khatello ea maikutlo).
2. 3 “Likotsi” Tsa Bohlokoa Tseo U Lokelang ho li Qoba ha U Khetha Lithapo
Ka mor'a ho utloisisa liphapang tsa sebopeho, hape u tlameha ho qoba "maraba a patiloeng" ana nakong ea khetho; ho seng joalo, litšenyehelo li ka eketseha, kapa liketsahalo tsa polokeho li ka etsahala.
(1) Ho Phehella ka Bofofu “Mophato o Phahameng” kapa “Theko e Thekoang”
Maikutlo a fosahetseng: Ba bang ba nahana hore “ho sebelisa lithapo tse nang le motlakase o mongata haholo ho e-na le tse nang le motlakase o tlaase ho sireletsehile,” kapa ba sebelisa lithapo tse nang le matla a tlaase ho boloka chelete.
Kotsi: Lithapo tsa motlakase o phahameng li bitsa chelete e ngata haholo; khetho e sa hlokahaleng ea li-high-voltage e eketsa tekanyetso. Ho sebelisa likhoele tse nang le matla a tlase maemong a matla a phahameng ho ka senya li-insurance hang-hang, tsa baka lipotoloho tse khutšoane, mollo kapa ho beha basebetsi kotsing.
Mokhoa o Nepahetseng: Khetha o ipapisitse le boemo ba motlakase le litlhoko tsa motlakase, mohlala, motlakase oa ka tlung (220V/380V) o sebelisa likhoele tse nang le matla a tlase, liindasteri tse nang le matla a phahameng a matla a motlakase (10 kV) li tlameha ho ts'oana le lithapo tsa motlakase o phahameng — ha ho mohla li "fokolang" kapa ho "ntlafatsa" ka bofofu.
(2) Ho iphapanyetsa "Tšenyo e Patehileng" e tsoang ho Tikoloho
Maikutlo a fosahetseng: Nahana feela ka motlakase, u hlokomolohe tikoloho, mohlala, ho sebelisa lithapo tse tloaelehileng sebakeng se mongobo, mocheso o phahameng kapa maemo a ho senya lik'hemik'hale.
Kotsi: Lithapo tse nang le matla a phahameng a matla libakeng tse mongobo tse nang le lithebe tse senyehileng kapa lijase li ka ba le botsofali ba mongobo oa insulation; lithapo tse nang le matla a tlaase libakeng tse nang le mocheso o phahameng (mohlala, likamore tsa boiler) li ka nolofatsa le ho hlōleha.
Mokhoa o Nepahetseng: Hlakisa maemo a ho kenya - lithapo tse nang le lihlomo bakeng sa ho kenngoa ho patiloeng, likhoele tse kentsoeng metsi tse sa keneleng metsi bakeng sa ka tlas'a metsi, lisebelisoa tse kentsoeng mocheso o phahameng (XLPE ≥90℃) bakeng sa tikoloho e chesang, lijaki tse thibelang ho bola limela tsa lik'hemik'hale.
(3) Ho iphapanyetsa ho Bapisa "Bokhoni ba ho Jara Hona Joale le Mokhoa oa ho Beha"
Maikutlo a fosahetseng: Tsepamisa maikutlo feela holim'a boemo ba motlakase, u hlokomolohe matla a hona joale a cable (boholo bo lumelletsoeng hona joale) kapa over-compress/bend nakong ea ho beha.
Kotsi: Bokhoni bo sa lekaneng ba hona joale bo baka ho futhumala ho feteletseng le ho potlakisa botsofali ba insulation; Radius e kobehang e sa lokelang ea likhoele tse matla a phahameng (mohlala, ho hula ka thata, ho kobeha ho feteletseng) ho ka senya tšireletso le ho kenya letsoho, ho baka likotsi tsa ho senyeha.
Mokhoa o Nepahetseng: Khetha litlhaloso tsa cable tse thehiloeng ho palo ea hona joale ea sebele (nahana ho qala hona joale, mocheso o potolohileng); latela ka tieo litlhoko tsa radius e kobehang nakong ea ho kenya (high-voltage cable kobang radius hangata ≥15× mokhanni bophara ba ka ntle), qoba ho hatella le ho pepesehela letsatsi.
3. Hopola "Melao ea Khauta" e 3 ea ho Qoba Likotsi Tsa Khetho
(1) Hlahloba Sebopeho se Khahlanong le Voltage:
Li-cable tse nang le matla a phahameng a motlakase le likarolo tse sireletsang ke tsa mantlha; lik'hebole tse tlaase-tlase ha li hloke ho qaptjoa ho feta tekano.
(2) Bapisa Mephato ka Hantle:
Matla a motlakase, matla le tikoloho li tlameha ho lumellana; o seke oa phahamisa kapa oa theola boemo ka boomo.
(3) Netefatsa Lintlha Khahlanong le Maemo:
Bokhoni ba hona joale, sebaka se kobehang, le boemo ba ts'ireletso li tlameha ho latela maemo a naha - u se ke ua itšetleha feela ka boiphihlelo.
Nako ea poso: Aug-29-2025