Lilemong tsa morao tjena, indasteri ea motlakase ea Chaena e bile le tsoelo-pele e potlakileng, e etsa likhato tse kholo theknolojing le tsamaisong. Liphihlello tse kang motlakase o phahameng haholo le theknoloji ea bohlokoa haholo li behile Chaena boemong ba moetapele oa lefats'e. Ho entsoe tsoelo-pele e kholo ho tloha moralong kapa ho ea kahong hammoho le boemong ba tsamaiso ea ts'ebetso le tlhokomelo.
Ha indasteri ea Chaena ea motlakase, peterole, lik'hemik'hale, lipalangoang tsa literene tsa litoropo, likoloi le kaho ea likepe e ntse e hola ka potlako, haholo-holo ka ho potlakisa phetoho ea gridi, kenyelletso e latellanang ea merero ea motlakase o phahameng haholo, le phetoho ea lefats'e ea tlhahiso ea terata le likhoele sebakeng sa Asia-Pacific se shebaneng le Chaena, 'maraka oa lehae oa terata le likhoele o holile ka potlako.
Lekala la tlhahiso ea terata le likhoele le hlahile e le le leholo ka ho fetisisa har'a makala a fetang mashome a mabeli a indasteri ea motlakase le ea elektroniki, le ikarabellang bakeng sa kotara ea lekala lena.
I. Mokhahlelo oa Ntshetsopele e Butsoitseng ea Indasteri ea Lithapo le Lithapo
Liphetoho tse poteletseng ntshetsopeleng ya indasteri ya di-cable ya China dilemong tsa morao tjena di bontsha phetoho ho tloha nakong ya kgolo e potlakileng ho ya nakong ya kgolo e hodileng:
– Ho tsitsisa tlhoko ea 'maraka le ho fokotseha ha kholo ea indasteri, e leng se fellang ka tšekamelo ea ho etsa hore mekhoa le lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso ea setso li be maemong a tloaelehileng, ka mahlale a fokolang a sitisang kapa a phetohelo.
– Tlhokomelo e tiileng ea taolo ke balaoli ba amehang, hammoho le ho totobatsa ntlafatso ea boleng le kaho ea lets'oao, ho lebisa ho likhothaletso tse ntle tsa 'maraka.
– Litlamorao tse kopaneng tsa mabaka a kantle a indasteri le a ka hare li susumelitse likhoebo tse lumellanang le melao ho beha boleng le lebitso la khoebo pele, e leng se bontšang moruo o moholo ka har'a lekala ka katleho.
– Litlhoko tsa ho kena indastering, ho rarahana ha theknoloji, le matla a matsete li eketsehile, e leng se lebisang ho phapang har'a likhoebo. Phello ea Matthew e se e totobetse har'a lik'hamphani tse etellang pele, ka keketseho ea palo ea lik'hamphani tse fokolang tse tsoang 'marakeng le phokotso ea ba kenang ba bacha. Ho kopanngoa ha indasteri le ho hlophisoa bocha ho ntse ho sebetsa haholoanyane.
– Ho ya ka data e hlahlobilweng le e hlahlobilweng, karolo ya lekeno la dikhamphani tse thathamisitsweng ka di-cable indastering ka kakaretso e ntse e eketseha butle selemo le selemo.
– Libakeng tse ikhethileng tsa liindasteri tse thusang ho fihlella boholo bo bohareng, baetapele ba indasteri ha ba bone feela hore na 'maraka o ntlafetse hakae, empa tlholisano ea bona ea machabeng le eona e holile.
II. Mekhoa ea Liphetoho tsa Nts'etsopele
Bokhoni ba 'Maraka
Ka 2022, kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea motlakase ea naha e fihlile ho li-kilowatt-hours tse libilione tse 863.72, e leng kholo ea selemo le selemo ea 3.6%.
Karohano ho latela indasteri:
– Tšebeliso ea motlakase ea indasteri ea mantlha: li-kilowatt-hours tse limilione tse likete tse 114.6, e nyolohile ka 10.4%.
– Tšebeliso ea motlakase indastering ea bobeli: li-kilowatt-hours tse limilione tse likete tse 57,001, e leng keketseho ea 1.2%.
– Tšebeliso ea motlakase indastering ea thuto e phahameng: li-kilowatt-hours tse limilione tse likete tse 14,859, e leng keketseho ea 4.4%.
– Tšebeliso ea motlakase ea baahi ba litoropong le mahaeng: li-kilowatt-hours tse libilione tse 13,366, e nyolohile ka 13.8%.
Qetellong ea Tšitoe 2022, bokhoni ba naha ba tlhahiso ea motlakase bo kopaneng bo fihlile ho li-kilowatts tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 2.56, bo tšoaea kholo ea selemo le selemo ea 7.8%.
Ka 2022, bokgoni bohle bo kentsweng ba mehlodi ya eneji e ntjhafatswang bo ne bo feta di-kilowatt tse dibilione tse 1.2, mme motlakase wa metsi, matla a moya, matla a letsatsi le tlhahiso ya matla a biomass kaofela di bewa pele lefatsheng.
Ka ho khetheha, matla a moea a ne a le li-kilowatt tse ka bang limilione tse 370, a nyolohile ka 11.2% selemo le selemo, ha matla a letsatsi a ne a le li-kilowatt tse ka bang limilione tse 390, e leng keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 28.1%.
Bokhoni ba 'Maraka
Ka 2022, kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea motlakase ea naha e fihlile ho li-kilowatt-hours tse libilione tse 863.72, e leng kholo ea selemo le selemo ea 3.6%.
Karohano ho latela indasteri:
– Tšebeliso ea motlakase ea indasteri ea mantlha: li-kilowatt-hours tse limilione tse likete tse 114.6, e nyolohile ka 10.4%.
– Tšebeliso ea motlakase indastering ea bobeli: li-kilowatt-hours tse limilione tse likete tse 57,001, e leng keketseho ea 1.2%.
– Tšebeliso ea motlakase indastering ea thuto e phahameng: li-kilowatt-hours tse limilione tse likete tse 14,859, e leng keketseho ea 4.4%.
– Tšebeliso ea motlakase ea baahi ba litoropong le mahaeng: li-kilowatt-hours tse libilione tse 13,366, e nyolohile ka 13.8%.
Qetellong ea Tšitoe 2022, bokhoni ba naha ba tlhahiso ea motlakase bo kopaneng bo fihlile ho li-kilowatts tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 2.56, bo tšoaea kholo ea selemo le selemo ea 7.8%.
Ka 2022, bokgoni bohle bo kentsweng ba mehlodi ya eneji e ntjhafatswang bo ne bo feta di-kilowatt tse dibilione tse 1.2, mme motlakase wa metsi, matla a moya, matla a letsatsi le tlhahiso ya matla a biomass kaofela di bewa pele lefatsheng.
Ka ho khetheha, matla a moea a ne a le li-kilowatt tse ka bang limilione tse 370, a nyolohile ka 11.2% selemo le selemo, ha matla a letsatsi a ne a le li-kilowatt tse ka bang limilione tse 390, e leng keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 28.1%.
Boemo ba Matsete
Ka 2022, matsete mererong ea kaho ea gridi a fihlile ho li-yuan tse libilione tse 501.2, e leng keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 2.0%.
Likhamphani tse kholo tsa tlhahiso ea motlakase naheng ka bophara li phethile matsete mererong ea boenjiniere ba motlakase e akaretsang li-yuan tse libilione tse 720.8, e leng se bontšang keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 22.8%. Har'a tsena, matsete a motlakase oa metsi e ne e le li-yuan tse libilione tse 86.3, a theohile ka 26.5% selemo le selemo; matsete a motlakase oa mocheso e ne e le li-yuan tse libilione tse 90.9, a nyolohile ka 28.4% selemo le selemo; matsete a motlakase oa nyutlelie e ne e le li-yuan tse libilione tse 67.7, a nyolohile ka 25.7% selemo le selemo.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka lebaka la morero oa "Lebanta le Tsela", Chaena e atolositse matsete a eona matla a Afrika haholo, e leng se ileng sa lebisa ho atolosoeng ha tšebelisano-'moho ea Sino-Afrika le ho hlaha ha menyetla e mecha e e-s'o ka e bonoa. Leha ho le joalo, merero ena e boetse e kenyelletsa litaba tse ngata tsa lipolotiki, tsa moruo le tsa sechaba, tse lebisang likotsing tse kholo ho tsoa mahlakoreng a fapaneng.
Pono ea 'Maraka
Hajoale, mafapha a amehang a fane ka lipheo tse ling bakeng sa "Moralo oa Lilemo tse Hlano oa bo-14" nts'etsopele ea matla le motlakase, hammoho le moralo oa ts'ebetso ea matla a bohlale oa "Inthanete+". Litaelo tsa nts'etsopele ea li-grid tse bohlale le merero ea phetoho ea marang-rang a kabo le tsona li hlahisitsoe.
Metheo e metle ea moruo ea nako e telele ea Chaena e ntse e sa fetohe, e khetholloa ke ho mamella moruo, bokhoni bo boholo, sebaka se lekaneng sa ho laola, tšehetso ea kholo e tsitsitseng, le mokhoa o tsoelang pele oa ho ntlafatsa liphetoho tsa sebopeho sa moruo.
Ka selemo sa 2023, bokgoni ba tlhahiso ya motlakase bo kentsweng Chaena bo lebelletswe ho fihla ho di-kilowatt tse dibilione tse 2.55, bo nyolohele ho di-kilowatt-hours tse dibilione tse 2.8 ka selemo sa 2025.
Tlhahlobo e bontša hore indasteri ea motlakase ea Chaena e bile le nts'etsopele e potlakileng lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka keketseho e kholo ea boholo ba indasteri. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea theknoloji e ncha e phahameng joalo ka 5G le Internet of Things (IoT), indasteri ea motlakase ea Chaena e kene mohatong o mocha oa phetoho le ntlafatso.
Liphephetso tsa Nts'etsopele
Mokhoa oa nts'etsopele o fapaneng oa Chaena indastering e ncha ea eneji o totobetse, ka matla a moea a setso le metheo ea photovoltaic e arohanang ka mafolofolo polokelong ea eneji, matla a haedrojene le makala a mang, e leng se etsang hore ho be le mokhoa o lumellanang oa ho sebelisa matla a mangata. Sekala se akaretsang sa kaho ea matla a metsi ha se seholo, se shebane haholo le liteishene tsa motlakase tsa polokelo tse pompetsoeng, ha kaho ea gridi ea motlakase ho pholletsa le naha e bona leqhubu le lecha la kholo.
Ntlafatso ea motlakase ea Chaena e kene nakong ea bohlokoa ea ho fetola mekhoa, ho fetola meaho le ho fetola mehloli ea motlakase. Leha phetoho e felletseng ea motlakase e entse tsoelo-pele e kholo, mohato o tlang oa phetoho o tla tobana le liphephetso tse matla le litšitiso tse matla.
Ka nts'etsopele e potlakileng ea motlakase oa Chaena le phetoho le ntlafatso e tsoelang pele, katoloso e kholo ea gridi ea motlakase, maemo a motlakase a ntseng a eketseha, palo e ntseng e eketseha ea li-unit tsa tlhahiso ea motlakase tse nang le bokhoni bo phahameng le tse nang le liparamente tse phahameng, le kopanyo e kholo ea tlhahiso ea motlakase o mocha ka har'a gridi kaofela li lebisa ho tlhophiso e rarahaneng ea sistimi ea motlakase le litšobotsi tsa ts'ebetso.
Haholo-holo, keketseho ea likotsi tse seng tsa setso tse bakoang ke ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a macha a kang theknoloji ea tlhahisoleseling e phahamisitse litlhoko tse phahameng bakeng sa bokhoni ba tšehetso ea sistimi, bokhoni ba phetisetso le bokhoni ba ho lokisa, e leng se hlahisang liphephetso tse kholo ts'ebetsong e sireletsehileng le e tsitsitseng ea sistimi ea motlakase.
Nako ea poso: Loetse-01-2023