Ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa insulating e ama ka kotloloho boleng, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso le boholo ba ts'ebeliso ea lithapo le likhoele. Ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa insulating e ama ka kotloloho boleng, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso le boholo ba ts'ebeliso ea lithapo le likhoele.
1.PVC polyvinyl chloride lithapo le likhoele
Polyvinyl chloride (eo ka mor'a moo e bitsoangPVC) lisebelisoa tse sireletsang ke metsoako eo ho eona li-stabilizers, plasticizers, retardants ea mollo, lubricant le li-additives tse ling li kenngoa phofo ea PVC. Ho latela lits'ebetso tse fapaneng le litlhoko tsa sebopeho sa lithapo le likhoele, foromo e lokisoa ka nepo. Kamora lilemo tse mashome tsa tlhahiso le ts'ebeliso, theknoloji ea tlhahiso le ts'ebetso ea PVC e se e holile haholo. Lisebelisoa tsa ho itšireletsa tsa PVC li na le lisebelisoa tse pharaletseng haholo lefapheng la lithapo le likhoele 'me li na le litšobotsi tse ikhethang tsa tsona:
A. Theknoloji ea tlhahiso e hōlile, e bonolo ho e theha le ho e sebetsa. Ha e bapisoa le mefuta e meng ea lisebelisoa tsa ho roala lithapo, ha e na litšenyehelo tse tlase feela, empa hape e ka laola ka nepo phapang ea mebala, gloss, khatiso, ts'ebetso e sebetsang hantle, bonolo le ho thatafala ha mohala oa mohala, ho khomarela mokhanni, hammoho le thepa ea mochini le ea 'mele le thepa ea motlakase ea terata ka boeona.
B. E na le ts'ebetso e ntle haholo e thibelang lelakabe, kahoo lithapo tse sirelelitsoeng tsa PVC li ka khona ho kopana habonolo le limaraka tse thibelang lelakabe tse boletsoeng ke litekanyetso tse fapaneng.
C. Mabapi le ho hanyetsa mocheso, ka ho ntlafatsa le ho ntlafatsa liforomo tsa thepa, mefuta e sebelisoang hona joale ea PVC insulation haholo-holo e kenyelletsa lihlopha tse tharo tse latelang:
Mabapi le matla a motlakase a lekantsoeng, hangata a sebelisoa maemong a motlakase a lekantsoeng ho 1000V AC le ka tlase, 'me a ka sebelisoa haholo liindastering tse kang lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, lisebelisoa le limithara, mabone le likhokahano tsa marang-rang.
PVC e boetse e na le litšitiso tse ling tse fokotsang ts'ebeliso ea eona:
A. Ka lebaka la chlorine ea eona e ngata, e tla ntša Mosi o mongata o teteaneng ha o chesoa, o ka bakang ho bipetsana, oa ama ponahalo, 'me oa hlahisa lik'hemik'hale tse ling tsa kankere le khase ea HCl, e bakang kotsi e tebileng tikolohong. Ka nts'etsopele ea thekenoloji ea tlhahiso ea thepa ea mosi e tlaase ea zero halogen, butle-butle ho fetola PVC ho fetoha mokhoa o ke keng oa qojoa ho nts'etsopele ea likhoele.
B. Tšisinyeho e tloaelehileng ea PVC e na le khanyetso e fokolang ho li-acids le alkalis, oli ea mocheso le metsoako ea tlhaho. Ho ea ka molao-motheo oa lik'hemik'hale oa joalo o qhibiliha joaloka, lithapo tsa PVC li na le tšekamelo ea ho senya le ho phunyeha sebakeng se itseng se boletsoeng. Leha ho le joalo, ka ts'ebetso ea eona e ntle ea ts'ebetso le litšenyehelo tse tlase. Lithapo tsa PVC li ntse li sebelisoa haholo lisebelisoa tsa ntlo, lisebelisoa tsa mabone, lisebelisoa tsa mechine, lisebelisoa le limithara, puisano ea marang-rang, lithapo tsa mohaho le masimo a mang.
2. Lithapo le likhoele tsa polyethylene tse hoketsoeng ka sefapano
Cross-linked PE (eo hamorao e tla bitsoaXLPE) ke mofuta oa polyethylene e ka fetohang ho tloha mohahong oa limolek'hule oa mela ho ea ho tse tharo-dimensional tse tharo-dimensional tlas'a maemo a itseng tlas'a ketso ea mahlaseli a matla a matla kapa li-cross-linking agents. Ka nako e ts'oanang, e fetoha ho tloha ho thermoplastic ho ea ho polasetiki e sa keneng ea thermosetting.
Hajoale, ts'ebelisong ea terata le likhoele, ho na le mekhoa e meraro ea ho hokahanya:
A. Peroxide cross-linking: E kenyelletsa pele ho sebelisa resin ea polyethylene hammoho le li-cross-linking agents tse loketseng le li-antioxidants, ebe ho eketsa likaroloana tse ling kamoo ho hlokahalang ho hlahisa likaroloana tsa motsoako oa polyethylene. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea extrusion, cross-linking e etsahala ka liphaephe tse kopanyang mouoane o chesang.
B. Silane cross-linking (metsi a futhumetseng cross-linking) : Hona hape ke mokhoa oa ho kopanya lik'hemik'hale. Mokhoa oa eona o ka sehloohong ke ho tšela organosiloxane le polyethylene tlas'a maemo a itseng, a
'me tekanyo ea ho hokahanya ha sefapano ka kakaretso e ka fihla hoo e ka bang 60%.
C. Irradiation cross-linking: E sebelisa mahlaseli a matla a phahameng a kang mahlaseli a R, mahlaseli a alpha, le mahlaseli a elektronike ho kenya liathomo tsa carbon ho polyethylene macromolecules le ho baka ho kopanya. Mahlaseli a matla a phahameng a atisang ho sebelisoa lithapong le lithapong ke mahlaseli a elektrone a hlahisoang ke li-accelerator tsa elektronike. Kaha khokahano ena e itšetlehile ka matla a 'mele, ke ea ho hokahanya ha' mele.
Mekhoa e meraro e kaholimo e fapaneng ea li-crosslinking e na le litšobotsi le ts'ebeliso e fapaneng:
Ha ho bapisoa le thermoplastic polyethylene (PVC), ho kenya XLPE ho na le melemo e latelang:
A. E ntlafalitse ho hanyetsa mocheso oa mocheso, ho ntlafatsa thepa ea mochine ka mocheso o phahameng, le ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa khatello ea tikoloho le ho tsofala ha mocheso.
B. E ntlafalitse botsitso ba lik'hemik'hale le ho hanyetsa ho qhibiliha, ho fokotsa ho phalla ha serame, 'me ha e le hantle ho boloka ts'ebetso ea pele ea motlakase. Mocheso oa nako e telele oa ho sebetsa o ka fihla ho 125 ℃ le 150 ℃. The cross-linked polyethylene insulated terata le thapo e boetse e ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa potoloho e khutsoanyane, 'me nako e khutsoanyane mocheso ho hanyetsa ka fihla At 250 ℃, bakeng sa lithapo le lik'hebole tsa botenya tšoanang, hona joale-jara bokgoni ba cross-linked polyethylene ke e kholoanyane.
C. E na le thepa e babatsehang ea mechine, e thibelang metsi le e thibelang mahlaseli a kotsi, kahoo e sebelisoa haholo mafapheng a sa tšoaneng. Joalo ka: lithapo tse hokelang ka hare bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, likhoele tsa makoloi, lithapo tsa mabone, lithapo tse laolang motlakase o tlase bakeng sa likoloi, mehala ea literene, mehala le likhoele tsa litsela tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše, likhoele tse sireletsang tikoloho bakeng sa merafo, likhoele tsa Marine, likhoele tsa ho beha matla a nyutlelie, lithapo tse nang le matla a phahameng a motlakase bakeng sa TV, lithapo tse matla tsa X-RAY le lithapo tsa motlakase. etc.
Lithapo le likhoele tsa XLPE li na le melemo e mengata, empa li boetse li na le mefokolo ea tlhaho e fokotsang ts'ebeliso ea tsona:
A. Ts'ebetso e fokolang ea ho khomarela mocheso. Ha ho sebetsa le ho sebelisa lithapo tse fetang mocheso oa tsona o lekantsoeng, ho bonolo hore lithapo li khomarelane. Maemong a boima, e ka lebisa ho senyeha ha insulation le lipotoloho tse khutšoane.
B. Ho hanyetsa mocheso o fokolang oa mocheso. Lithempereichara tse fetang 200 ℃, ho koala lithapo ho ba bonolo haholo. Ha e le tlas'a matla a ka ntle a petetsa kapa a thulana, e atisa ho etsa hore lithapo li khaole le ho potoloha hakhutšoanyane.
C. Ho thata ho laola phapang ea mebala lipakeng tsa lihlopha. Mathata a joalo ka mengoapo, ho soeufala le litlhaku tse hatisitsoeng tse qhekelloang a tloaetse ho etsahala nakong ea ts'ebetso.
D. Thepa ea XLPE e nang le mocheso oa ho hanyetsa mocheso oa 150 ℃ ha e na halogen ka ho feletseng 'me e ka feta teko ea ho tuka ha VW-1 ho latela litekanyetso tsa UL1581, ha e ntse e boloka thepa e babatsehang ea mechine le ea motlakase. Leha ho le joalo, ho ntse ho e-na le mathata a itseng a theknoloji ea tlhahiso, 'me litšenyehelo li phahame.
3. Lithapo tsa rabara tsa silicone le lithapo
Limolek'hule tsa polymer tsa rabara ea silicone ke meaho ea ketane e entsoeng ka litlamo tsa SI-O (silicon-oxygen). Bond ea SI-O ke 443.5KJ/MOL, e phahameng haholo ho feta matla a bond ea CC (355KJ/MOL). Boholo ba lithapo tsa rabara tsa silicone le likhoele li hlahisoa ka mokhoa o batang oa extrusion le lits'ebetso tsa mocheso o phahameng oa vulcanization. Har'a lithapo le likhoele tse fapaneng tsa maiketsetso, ka lebaka la sebopeho sa eona se ikhethang sa limolek'hule, rabara ea silicone e na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ha e bapisoa le liraba tse ling tse tloaelehileng.
A. E bonolo haholo, e na le elasticity e ntle, ha e nkhe ebile ha e chefo, 'me ha e tšabe mocheso o phahameng 'me e khona ho mamella serame se matla. Mocheso oa mocheso o sebetsang o tloha ho -90 ho isa ho 300 ℃. Rabara ea silicone e na le ho hanyetsa mocheso ho feta rabara e tloaelehileng. E ka sebelisoa ka ho tsoelang pele ho 200 ℃ le ka nako e itseng ho 350 ℃.
B. Ho hanyetsa boemo ba leholimo ho babatsehang. Esita le ka mor'a ho pepesehela mahlaseli a ultraviolet nako e telele le maemo a mang a leholimo, litšobotsi tsa eona tsa 'mele li bile le liphetoho tse nyenyane feela.
C. Rabara ea silicone e na le matla a phahameng haholo a ho hanyetsa 'me ho hanyetsa ha eona ho lula ho tsitsitse ho feta mefuta e mengata ea mocheso le maqhubu.
Ho sa le joalo, rabara ea silicone e na le khanyetso e ntle ea ho tsoa ha corona e nang le matla a phahameng le ho tsoa ha arc. Lithapo le likhoele tse kentsoeng ka rabara ea silicone li na le letoto la melemo e kaholimo 'me li sebelisoa haholo mehala ea lisebelisoa tse matla haholo bakeng sa lithelevishene, mehala e hanyetsanang le mocheso o phahameng bakeng sa lionto tsa microwave, lithapo tsa li-cookers tsa induction, lithapo tsa POTS tsa kofi, li etella pele bakeng sa mabone, lisebelisoa tsa UV, mabone a halogen, lithapo tsa ka hare tsa lithapo le lithapo tse nyane tsa ntlo.
Leha ho le joalo, mefokolo e meng ea eona e boetse e fokotsa tšebeliso ea eona e pharaletseng. Ka mohlala:
A. Khanyetso e mpe ea meokho. Nakong ea ts'ebetso kapa ts'ebeliso, e atisa ho senya ka lebaka la matla a ka ntle a phunyeletsang, ho senya le ho sila, e leng se ka bakang potoloho e khutšoanyane. Tekanyo ea hajoale ea ts'ireletso ke ho eketsa lera la fiber ea khalase kapa fiber ea polyester e nang le mocheso o phahameng e lohiloeng ka ntle ho silicone insulation. Leha ho le joalo, nakong ea ts'ebetso, ho ntse ho hlokahala ho qoba likotsi tse bakoang ke matla a ka ntle a phunyeletsang ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.
B. Sehlahisoa sa vulcanizing ha joale se sebelisoang haholo ho bopa ha vulcanization se habeli, peli, nne. Sehlahisoa sena se na le chlorine. Lisebelisoa tse senyang halogen ka ho feletseng (tse kang platinum vulcanizing) li na le litlhoko tse thata bakeng sa mocheso oa tikoloho ea tlhahiso 'me li bitsa chelete e ngata. Ka hona, ha ho etsoa lisebelisoa tsa terata, lintlha tse latelang li lokela ho hlokomeloa: khatello ea lebili la khatello ha ea lokela ho ba holimo haholo. Ho molemo ho sebelisa thepa ea rabara ho thibela fracturing nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso, e ka lebisang khatellong e fokolang ea khatello.
4. Mohala oa ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber (XLEPDM) o amanang le sefapano
Cross-linked ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rabara ke terpolymer ea ethylene, propylene le diene e se nang conjugated, e kopantsoeng ka litsela tsa lik'hemik'hale kapa tsa mahlaseli. terata e kentsoeng ea rabara ea EPDM e kopantsoeng le sefapano e kopanya melemo ea terata e kentsoeng ea polyolefin le terata e tloaelehileng e kentsoeng ka rabara:
A. E bonolo, e tenyetseha, e reketla, e sa thekesele mochesong o phahameng, e hanyetsana le botsofali ba nako e telele, 'me e hanyetsana le maemo a leholimo a mabe (-60 ho isa ho 125℃).
B. Ho hanyetsa Ozone, ho hanyetsa UV, ho hanyetsa motlakase oa motlakase, le lik'hemik'hale tsa corrosion resistance.
C. Ho hanyetsa ha oli le ho qhibiliha ho tšoana le ho thibela rabara ea chloroprene ka kakaretso. E sebetsoa ka lisebelisoa tse tloaelehileng tse chesang tsa extrusion 'me li-cross-linking tsa mahlaseli li amoheloa, tse bonolo ho li sebetsa le tse theko e tlaase. Lithapo tse kentsoeng ka ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) li na le melemo e mengata e boletsoeng ka holimo 'me li sebelisoa haholo masimong a kang lihatsetsi tsa compressor lead, lead motor tse sa keneleng metsi, li-transformer lead, lithapo tsa mehala merafong, ho cheka, likoloi, lisebelisoa tsa bongaka, likepe le lithapo tsa motlakase tse akaretsang tsa lisebelisoa.
Mathata a mantlha a lithapo tsa XLEPDM ke:
A. Joalo ka lithapo tsa XLPE le PVC, e na le khanyetso e fokolang ea ho lla.
B. Ho se mamelle hantle le ho ikamahanya le maemo ho ama ts'ebetso e latelang.
5. Lithapo le likhoele tsa Fluoroplastic
Ha ho bapisoa le likhoele tse tloaelehileng tsa polyethylene le polyvinyl chloride, likhoele tsa fluoroplastic li na le likarolo tse latelang tse hlahelletseng:
A. Li-fluoroplastic tse hanyetsanang le mocheso o phahameng li na le botsitso bo sa tloaelehang ba mocheso, tse nolofalletsang likhoele tsa fluoroplastic ho ikamahanya le maemo a mocheso o phahameng ho tloha ho likhato tse 150 ho isa ho tse 250 tsa Celsius. Tlas'a boemo ba li-conductor tse nang le sebaka se tšoanang sa li-cross-sectional, lithapo tsa fluoroplastic li ka fetisa motlakase o moholo o lumelletsoeng, ka hona, li atolosa haholo mefuta ea ts'ebeliso ea mofuta ona oa terata e kentsoeng. Ka lebaka la thepa ena e ikhethang, lithapo tsa fluoroplastic li atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa lithapo tsa ka hare le lithapo tse etellang pele lifofaneng, likepe, libōpi tsa mocheso o phahameng le thepa ea elektronike.
B. Ho lieha ho hoholo ha malakabe: Fluoroplastics e na le index e phahameng ea oksijene, 'me ha e chesa, lelakabe la ho hasana ha lelakabe le lenyenyane, le hlahisang mosi o fokolang. Mohala o entsoeng ka eona o loketse lisebelisoa le libaka tse nang le litlhoko tse thata bakeng sa ho thibela mollo. Ka mohlala: marang-rang a lik'homphieutha, litsela tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše, likoloi, mehaho e melelele le libaka tse ling tsa sechaba, joalo-joalo Hang ha mollo o qhoma, batho ba ka ba le nako e itseng ea ho tsoa ntle le ho lihuoa ke mosi o teteaneng, kahoo ba fumana nako ea bohlokoa ea pholoso.
C. Ts'ebetso e ntle ea motlakase: Ha e bapisoa le polyethylene, fluoroplastics e na le dielectric kamehla. Ka hona, ha li bapisoa le likhoele tsa coaxial tsa meaho e ts'oanang, likhoele tsa fluoroplastic ha li fokotsehe haholo ebile li loketse phetisetso ea mats'oao a maqhubu a phahameng. Matsatsing ana, ho eketseha ha maqhubu a tšebeliso ea li-cable e se e le tloaelo. Ho sa le joalo, ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng oa li-fluoroplastics, hangata li sebelisoa e le lithapo tsa ka hare bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa phetisetso le lisebelisoa tsa puisano, li-jumpers pakeng tsa li-feed transmission feeders le li-transmitters, le lithapo tsa video le tsa molumo. Ntle le moo, likhoele tsa fluoroplastic li na le matla a matla a dielectric le ho hanyetsa ho kenella, ho etsa hore li tšoanelehe ho sebelisoa e le likhoele tsa taolo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa le limithara.
D. Lisebelisoa tse phethahetseng tsa mechine le tsa lik'hemik'hale: Fluoroplastics e na le matla a phahameng a lik'hemik'hale tsa lik'hemik'hale, botsitso bo phahameng, hoo e ka bang ha e amehe ke liphetoho tsa mocheso, 'me e na le boemo bo botle ba leholimo bo hanyetsanang le botsofali le matla a mochine. 'Me ha e angoe ke li-acid tse sa tšoaneng, li-alkalis le li-solvents tse phelang. Ka hona, e loketse libaka tse nang le liphetoho tse kholo tsa boemo ba leholimo le maemo a senyang, joalo ka lik'hemik'hale tsa petrochemical, tlhoekiso ea oli, le taolo ea lisebelisoa tsa oli.
E. E nolofalletsa likhokahano tsa ho cheselletsa Lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, likhokahano tse ngata li entsoe ka ho cheselletsa. Ka lebaka la boemo bo tlase ba ho qhibiliha ha li-plastiki tse tloaelehileng, li atisa ho qhibiliha habonolo ha li le mocheso o phahameng, tse hlokang tsebo e ntle ea ho cheselletsa. Ho feta moo, lintlha tse ling tsa weld li hloka nako e itseng ea ho cheselletsa, e leng lebaka le hore likhoele tsa fluoroplastic li tumme. Joalo ka mehala ea kahare ea lisebelisoa tsa puisano le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki.
Ehlile, fluoroplastics e ntse e na le mefokolo e fokotsang ts'ebeliso ea eona:
A. Theko ea thepa e tala e holimo. Hona joale, tlhahiso ea malapeng e ntse e itšetlehile haholo ka thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling (Daikin ea Japane le DuPont ea United States). Le hoja li-fluoroplastics tsa malapeng li tsoetse pele ka potlako lilemong tsa morao tjena, mefuta ea tlhahiso e ntse e le 'ngoe. Ha ho bapisoa le thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling, ho ntse ho e-na le Lekhalo le itseng la botsitso ba mocheso le lisebelisoa tse ling tse akaretsang tsa thepa.
B. Ha ho bapisoa le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa insulating, mokhoa oa tlhahiso o thata haholoanyane, katleho ea tlhahiso e tlaase, litlhaku tse hatisitsoeng li atisa ho oa, 'me tahlehelo e kholo, e leng se etsang hore litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso e be tse phahameng haholo.
Qetellong, ts'ebeliso ea mefuta eohle e boletsoeng ka holimo ea lisebelisoa tse sireletsang mocheso, haholo-holo lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa mocheso tse phahameng tse nang le mocheso oa mocheso o fetang 105 ℃, e ntse e le nako ea phetoho Chaena. Ebang ke tlhahiso ea terata kapa ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa mohala, ha ho na mokhoa o hōlileng feela, empa hape ke mokhoa oa ho utloisisa ka mokhoa o utloahalang melemo le melemo ea mofuta ona oa mohala.
Nako ea poso: May-27-2025